bell tower

A bell tower (also belfry) is a tower which contains one or more bells, or which is designed to hold bells, even if it has none. In the European tradition, such a tower most commonly serves as part of a church and contains church bells. When attached to a city hall or other civic building, especially in continental Europe, it is often named "belfry". Elsewhere, the term "belfry" refers strictly to the part of the tower which contains the bells. Thus some bell towers have no belfry. The occasional free standing bell tower may also be referred to by its Italian name, campanile. Old bell towers may be kept for their historic or iconic value, though in countries with a strong campanological tradition they often continue to serve their original purposes as well.

Bell towers are common in China and countries of the related cultures, where they may appear both as part of a temple complex and as an independent civic building.

Purpose

The bell is rung to signify the time, for special events such as weddings and funerals, or especially in old days to sound a civil defense or fire alarm.

Bell towers may also contain carillons or chimes, musical instruments traditionally composed of large bells which are sounded by cables, chains, or cords connected to a keyboard. These can be found in many churches in Europe and America and at some college and university campuses.^[1] In modern constructions that do not qualify as carillons, rather than using heavy bells the sound may be produced by the striking of small metal rods whose vibrations are amplified electronically and sounded through loudspeakers. Simulated carillon systems have also used recordings or samplings of bells onto tape, compact disc, or memory chips.^[2]

Distribution

Historic belfries exist throughout Europe, from Ireland to Russia. Bruges, Ypres, Ghent, Lille, Tournai and Douai have famous examples. Not all are on a large scale; the "bell" tower of Katúň, in Slovakia, is typical of the many more modest structures which were once common in country areas. In the Middle Ages, cities sometimes kept their important documents in belfries.

In 1999 thirty-two Belgian belfries were added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites. In 2005 this list was extended with one Belgian and twenty-three French belfries and is since known as Belfries of Belgium and France. Most of these were attached to civil buildings, mainly city halls, as symbols of the greater power the cities in the region got in the Middle Ages; a small number of buildings not connected with a belfry, such as bell towers of—or with their—churches, occur also on this same list (details).

Etymology: belfry

The word belfry comes from Old French berfrei which is derived from Germanic *bergan "to protect" and *frithuz "peace"; that is, it was originally a watch tower providing protection against hostile incursions. These towers usually contained an alarm bell or bells, thus Middle English speakers thought berfrei had something to do with bells: they altered it to belfry, an interesting example of the process of folk etymology.^{[citation needed]} Today's Dutch belfort seems to combine the bell with the stronghold.

Gallery

Primitive bell tower at Katúň, Slovakia	Bell tower of Kiev Pechersk Lavra	Ivan The Great Bell Tower	Belfry of Aalst
Leaning Tower of Pisa	Sibiu Lutheran Cathedral, Sibiu, Romania	Dom Tower of Utrecht	Belfry of Bruges
Belfry of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev	Belfry of Ghent	Belfry of Lille	Torre dos Clérigos
Separate Bell-tower at Feock Church, Cornwall	The bell tower of Dunfermline Abbey in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland	Inside the belfry of St Medard & St Gildard's church, Little Bytham, Lincolnshire, England	An Irish round tower, bell tower, at Glendalough, Ireland, c. 900 AD
The Micalet tower at Valencia, Spain, ca. 1350	The "Storke Tower" at University of California, Santa Barbara	The bell tower at University of California, Riverside	The modern bell tower and adjacent pergola at Rockhurst University in Kansas City, Missouri
The Cathedral of San Agustin bell/clock tower in Laredo, Texas	The Clark College chime tower in Vancouver, Washington	Administration building west bell tower at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas, US	The modern bell tower of 'Swan Bells' of Perth, Western Australia

In the Far East

Bell towers are common in China and the countries of the related cultures as well. They may appear both as part of a temple complex and as an independent civic building, often paired with a drum tower. Among the best known examples are the Bell Tower (Zhonglou) of Beijing and the Bell Tower of Xi'an.

Beijing Bell Tower

Old Belfry of Todaiji; Nara Prefecture, Japan.

See also

• Bats in the belfry
• Belfries of Belgium and France, ensemble recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Site
• Bolognese bell ringing art
• Campanile
• Campanology
• Carillon
• Clock tower
• Irish round tower

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bell towers

• The Campanile at the University of California, Berkeley
• Belfries of Belgium and France - UNESCO World Heritage Centre entry
• Les Beffrois - France, Belgique, Pays-Bas
• Belltower Chapel