Blowup (Blow-Up)[3] is a 1966 British-Italian film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni, that director's first English language film. It tells the story of a photographer's accidental and incidental involvement with a murder. The film was inspired by the 1959 short story "Las babas del diablo" (i.e. "The devil's drool/drivel") by Argentinian writer Julio Cortázar[4], and by the work, habits, and mannerisms of Swinging London photographer David Bailey. The film was scored by jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, although the music is mimetic as it is played on a record by the main character. Nominated for several awards at the Cannes Film Festival, Blowup won the Grand Prix.
Blowup stars David Hemmings, Vanessa Redgrave, Sarah Miles, John Castle, Jane Birkin and Gillian Hills. 1960's supermodel Veruschka is also credited, with a memorable scene considered by Premiere Magazine as "the sexiest cinematic moment in history". The screenplay was written by Antonioni and Tonino Guerra, with the English dialogue being written by British playwright Edward Bond. The film was produced by Carlo Ponti, who had contracted Antonioni to make three English language films for MGM (the others were Zabriskie Point and The Passenger).
Plot
The plot is set in a day in the life of Thomas (Hemmings), a professional fashion photographer. It begins the day after spending the night at a doss house where he has taken pictures for a book of art photos he hopes to publish. He is late for a photo shoot at his studio with 60's supermodel Veruschka, which in turn makes him late for another photo shoot with many other models later in the morning. He grows bored and walks off the shoot (also leaving the models and production staff in the lurch). Exiting the studio, two girls, aspiring teenaged models (Jane Birkin and Gillian Hills), ask to speak with him but Thomas drives off to look at an antiques shop which he might buy. He then wanders into nearby Maryon Park where he sees two lovers and takes photos of them. The woman (Redgrave) is nettled at being photographed and Thomas is startled when she somehow stalks him back to his studio, asking for the film. This makes him want the film even more, so he misleads her into taking another roll instead. He makes many blowups (enlargements) of the black and white photos. These blowups have very rough film grain but nonetheless seem to show a body lying in the grass and a killer lurking in the trees with a gun. Thomas is frightened by a knock on the door but it is only the two girls again, with whom he has a romp in his studio and falls asleep. Awakening, although they hope he will photograph them then and there, he tells the girls to leave, saying, "Tomorrow! Come back tomorrow!"
As evening falls Thomas goes back to the park and indeed finds a body but he has not brought his camera and is scared off by the sound of a twig breaking, as if being stepped on. At a drug-drenched party at a house on the Thames River near central London he finds both the French model (who tells him she is in Paris) and his publishing agent (Peter Bowles), the latter whom he wants to bring to the park as a witness. However, Thomas cannot put across in meaningful words what he has photographed. Waking up in the same, now stilled house at sunrise, he goes back to the park alone but the body is gone. Befuddled, he watches a group of university students playing and watching a mimed tennis match, is drawn into it, picks up their unseen, make-believe ball and throws it back to the two players. While he watches the mimed match, the sound of a ball being played back and forth is soon heard. As the photographer watches this alone on the lawn he fades away, leaving only the green grass as the film ends.
Noted cameos
Sundry people who were widely known in 1966 are seen in the film; others would become famous later. The most widely noted cameo was made by the The Yardbirds, who perform "Stroll On" in the last third of the film. Antonioni first asked Eric Burdon to play in that scene, but he turned the role down. As Keith Relf sings, Jimmy Page and Jeff Beck play to either side, along with Chris Dreja. After his guitar amplifier fails, Beck bashes his guitar to bits, as The Who were known to do at the time. Antonioni had wanted the Who to perform in Blowup as he was fascinated by Pete Townshend's guitar-smashing routine.[5] Steve Howe of the The In Crowd later recalled, "We went on the set and started preparing for that guitar-smashing scene in the club. They even went as far as making up a bunch of Gibson 175 replicas ... and then we got dropped for the Yardbirds, who were a bigger name. That's why you see Jeff Beck smashing my guitar rather than his!"[6] Antonioni also considered using The Velvet Underground in the nightclub scene, but according to guitarist Sterling Morrison, "the expense of bringing the whole entourage to England proved too much for him."[7]
Michael Palin of Monty Python can be seen very briefly in the sullen nightclub crowd[8] and future media personality Janet Street-Porter dances in stripey, Carnaby Street trousers.
A poster on the club's entry door bears a drawing of a tombstone with the epitaph, Here lies Bob Dylan Passed Away Royal Albert Hall 27 May 1966 R.I.P., harking to Dylan's controversial switch to electric instruments at this time. Beside the Dylan poster are posters bearing a caricature of Prime Minister Harold Wilson.
Filming locations
The first scene (with the mimes acting) was filmed on the Plaza of The Economist Building in (Piccadilly, London, 1959–64, a project by 'New Brutalists' Alison and Peter Smithson). The following scene is shot on Consort Road, Peckham; the men are leaving The Spike. The park scenes were filmed at Maryon Park, Charlton, south-east London, and the park is little changed since the making of the film. The street with the many maroon-coloured shop fronts is Stockwell Road, and the shops belonged to motorcycle dealer Pride & Clark. The scene where Thomas sees the mysterious woman from his car, then proceeds to follow her, was shot in Regent Street, London. He stops at Heddon Street, where the album cover of David Bowie's Ziggy Stardust was later photographed.[9] The photographer's studio was filmed at 49 Princes Place, London W11, which in the decades since has been office and studio space for architectural firms.
Reaction
The onscreen title, no hyphen.
Andrew Sarris said the movie was "a mod masterpiece." In Playboy magazine, Arthur Knight wrote Blowup would be thought of "as important and germinal a film as Citizen Kane, Open City [sic][10] and Hiroshima, Mon Amour – perhaps even more so."[8] Time magazine called the film a "far-out, uptight and vibrantly exciting picture" that represented a "screeching change of creative direction" for Antonioni; the magazine predicted it would "undoubtedly be by far the most popular movie Antonioni has ever made."[11] Bosley Crowther called it a "fascinating picture, which has something real to say about the matter of personal involvement and emotional commitment in a jazzed-up, media-hooked-in world so cluttered with synthetic stimulations that natural feelings are overwhelmed.[1] Crowther had some reservations about film, calling the "usual Antonioni passages of seemingly endless wanderings" "redundant and long"; nevertheless, he called Blow-Up a "stunning picture—beautifully built up with glowing images and color compositions that get us into the feelings of our man and into the characteristics of the mod world in which he dwells."[1] Even film director Ingmar Bergman, who generally disliked Antonioni, acknowledged that Blowup was a masterpiece.[12]
Blowup was controversial as the first British film to feature full frontal female nudity.[citation needed] MGM did not gain approval for the film under the MPAA Production Code in the United States.[1] The code's collapse and thorough revision was foreshadowed when MGM released the film through a subsidiary distributor and Blowup was shown widely in North American cinemas.
Awards and honors
Academy Awards
BAFTA Awards
- Nominated: Best British Film - Michelangelo Antonioni
- Nominated: Best British Art Direction (Colour) - Assheton Gorton
- Nominated: Best British Cinematography (Colour) - Carlo Di Palma
Cannes Film Festival
Golden Globe Awards
- Nominated: Best English-Language Foreign Film
In popular culture
Brian De Palma's Blow Out (1981), starring John Travolta, which alludes to Blowup, used sound recording rather than photography as its central motif. While writing the screenplay of The Conversation, Francis Ford Coppola explained in the DVD commentary to his 1974 film, also about sound recording, that he was inspired by Blow Up. In Mel Brooks's High Anxiety, a minor plot line involves a bumbling chauffeur who takes a picture showing the evil assassin (wearing a latex mask of Brooks's character's face) firing a gun at point-blank range at someone; he makes blow-ups until he can see the real Brooks's character, standing in the elevator in the background. (Technically, the chauffeur does not make blow-ups; the joke is that he simply makes bigger and bigger enlargements until he has one the size of a wall.) The feature I Could Never Be Your Woman pays homage to the iconic scene from Blowup in which David Hemmings' character straddles model Verushka from above while taking her photo, this time with Paul Rudd and Michelle Pfeiffer. Antonioni's film also inspired the Bollywood feature Jaane Bhi Do Yaaron, in which two photographers inadvertently capture the murder of a city mayor on their cameras and later discover this when the images are enlarged. The park in which the murder occurs is named "Antonioni Park".[15]
In the last episode of the third series of the BBC program, "Monarch of the Glen," Molly MacDonald (Susan Hampshire) clarifies for husband, Hector (Richard Briers), that it was Antonioni who wanted her for Blowup when she was a London model in the 1960s. The music video for Amerie's "Take Control" from the album Because I Love It (2007) was influenced by the film.
References
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h Crowther, Bosley (December 19, 1966). "Blow-Up (1966) NYT Critics' Pick". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=EE05E7DF1739E361BC4152DFB467838D679EDE. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
- ^ a b "When Antonioni Blew Up the Movies". http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,1649984,00.html. "Blowup (1966), his first full-length English-language film, was a sensation for its frank view of sex, drugs and rock 'n roll in swinging London. It grossed $20 million (about $120 million today) on a $1.8 million budget and helped liberate Hollywood from its puritanical prurience."
- ^ Promotional material use "Blow-Up" as the title of the film; in the screen credits the title omits the hyphen.
- ^ Beltzer, Thomas (2005). "La Mano Negra: Julio Cortázar and his Influence on Cinema". Senses of Cinema. http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/05/35/cortazar.html. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
- ^ Platt, Dreja and McCarthy, Yardbirds, Sidgwick and Jackson Ltd., London, 1983
- ^ Frame, Pete, The Complete Rock Family Trees. p. 55. Omnibus Press, 1993. ISBN 0-7119-0465-0
- ^ Victor Bockris and Gerard Malanga, Uptight: The Velvet Underground Story. p. 67. New York: Quill, 1983. ISBN 0-688-03906-5
- ^ a b "Antonioni's Blowup defines cool". filminfocus.com. 18 December 2008. http://www.filminfocus.com/article/antonioni___s__em_blowup__em__defines_cool. Retrieved 17 January 2009.
- ^ "ZSC:Heddon St.". Time Out (18-24 October 1984). The Ziggy Stardust Companion. http://www.5years.com/Gall173.htm. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
- ^ For decades, it was far more common for Rome, Open City to be referred to simply as "Open City", e.g. "Open City directed by Roberto Rossellini", Video Yesteryear, 1981.
- ^ "Cinema: The Things Which Are Not Seen". December 30, 1966. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,901936,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
- ^ "Excerpt". Sydsvenska Dagbladet. zakka.dk. http://zakka.dk/euroscreenwriters/interviews/ingmar_bergman_03.htm. Retrieved 2009-09-22. "He's done two masterpieces, you don't have to bother with the rest. One is Blow-Up, which I've seen many times, and the other is La Notte, also a wonderful film, although that's mostly because of the young Jeanne Moreau"
- ^ "Festival de Cannes: Blowup". festival-cannes.com. http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/2801/year/1967.html. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ^ "People". May 19, 1967. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,840897,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-22. "He had been denied top honors twice before by the inscrutable Cannes Film Festival jury, and she had been passed over only last month for an Oscar. So now, with each other for moral support, Italian Director Michelangelo Antonioni, 54, and British Actress Vanessa Redgrave, 30, she in sequined tunic and tights, braved a screening at Cannes of Blow-Up, in which Vanessa had taken a relatively small part simply because "I wanted to be directed by Antonioni." After the showing, Vanessa went home to London, but Antonioni stayed on for the happy ending: a Golden Palm applauding Blow-Up as the best film of the 25 shown at the festival."
- ^ {{cite web| url= http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2007120750810200.htm&date=2007/12/07/&prd=fr | title= Of Naseeruddin Shah and Michelangelo Antonioni |date=7 December 2007| publisher=The Hindu| quote=This key sequence, which takes place in a park, was obviously inspired from Antonioni’s ‘Blow Up.’ In fact, the park where they click pictures of D’Mello’s murder is named Antonioni Park in the film, in a bow to the Italian master!} The closing credits of the first Austin Powers film also lampoon the famous photo session sequence in Blow-Up in which David Hemmings straddles the model and gives her various verbal directions.}
Bibliography
- Brunette, Peter. Audio commentary on the 2005 DVD (Iconic Films).
- Hemmings, David. Blow-Up… and Other Exaggerations: The Autobiography of David Hemmings.
External links
