• Period: Romantic (1820-1869)
• Country: France
• Genres: Concerto, Opera

Biography

Perhaps the most significant composer in France in the early decades of the nineteenth century, François-Adrien Boieldieu wrote comic operas that were among the best-known and most-performed of his day. His felicitous melodic sense led his contemporaries to dub him "the French Mozart."

Boieldieu's first music teacher was Urbain Cordonnier, the children's choirmaster at Rouen Cathedral. Even before he learned to read music, Boieldieu was taking part in church music performances, learning the music by ear. Later Boieldieu studied organ and piano with Charles Broche. In 1791, he was appointed organist at the church of St. André in Rouen. At about this time he also started composing, and in 1793 his first opera La fille coupable -- with a libretto by his father -- was performed in Rouen. Before long he was also appearing as a pianist, including some of his own works in his programs.

In the summer of 1796 Boieldieu moved to Paris, where he wrote several well-received operas over the next few years, including his first great success Le Calife de Bagdad (1800). Legend has it that Luigi Cherubini, one of the most influential musicians of that time, heard Le Calife de Bagdad and, thinking its composer musically ignorant, offered Boieldieu music lessons.

In 1802 Boieldieu married dancer Clotilde Mafleurai. The marriage fell apart after just a few months, and Boieldieu left Paris for Russia in 1803, taking a post as conductor of the Imperial Opera. Boieldieu remained separated from Clotilde until her death in 1827, at which point he married the singer Jeanne Phillis-Bertin, with whom he had been carrying on a long-standing affair.

Boieldieu's contract in Russia called for him to write three operas a year. He didn't quite live up to that expectation, but during his seven years in Russia he managed to produce 10 operas. On his return to France in 1811, Boieldieu composed his opera Jean de Paris (1812), which reestablished his fame with the Paris audience. Three years later he was appointed court composer and accompanist, and in 1817 he took over Étienne Nicolas Méhul's position as professor of composition at the Paris Conservatoire, a post he held until 1826.

In the late 1810s and early 1820s, Boieldieu didn't compose much due to ill health, but he was named a Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1821. During that time, the operas of Gioacchino Rossini became the rage in Paris. Rossini himself moved to Paris in 1823, and much French music of that time took on elements of the Rossini sound. Remaining true to his own style, Boieldieu composed what is perhaps his masterpiece, La dame blanche (1825), as a kind of response to the Rossini enthusiasm. La dame blanche was a massive success, in France and internationally, and remained in the European repertoire for many decades. Boieldieu's next opera, Les deux nuits (1829), didn't fare so well.

By this time, he was much afflicted by health problems, particularly the consumptive laryngitis which led to the loss of his voice. He also had financial problems, but eventually received a pension from the French government. Unable to compose, Boieldieu turned to painting; some of his paintings still can be seen at the Rouen Museum. Five days after his death in 1834, Boieldieu was given a state funeral, and was buried in the cemetery in Rouen. ~ Chris Morrison, All Music Guide

(b Rouen, 16 Dec 1775; d Jarcy, 8 Oct 1834). French composer. A central figure in the opéra comique tradition, he was the leading opera composer in France during the first quarter of the 19th century. His musical training came principally from Charles Broche, the Rouen Cathedral organist, and his inspiration from hearing opéras comiques by Grétry, Dalayrac and Méhul at the Théâtre des Arts. From 1791 he was organist at St André, Rouen, and as a concert pianist performed his own sonatas, potpourris and romances; he wrote his first opéra comique in 1793. He gained prominence in Paris with a series of successful stage works, from La famille suisse (1797) to La calife de Bagdad (1800) and Ma Tante Aurore (1803), also teaching the piano at the Paris Conservatoire. After holding a court post in St Petersburg (1803-11) he re-established himself in Paris and produced an especially inventive score in Le petit chaperon rouge (1818). He was a cautious admirer but not an imitator of Rossini, and upheld the French tradition with La dame blanche (1825), which won international success. His style is characterized by a natural melodic wealth; greater harmonic and orchestral richness is found in his later works, including Les deux nuits (1829). A son, Louis (1815-83), composed 11 operas and romances.

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For more information on François- Adrien Boieldieu, visit Britannica.com.

Boïeldieu, François-Adrien (1775-1834). Composer, see OpéRa-Comique.

(fräNswä' ädrēăN' bwäldyö') , 1775–1834, French composer. He studied with the organist of the cathedral in Rouen and composed one successful opera, Le Calife de Bagdad (1800), before he went to St. Petersburg. There he conducted (1803–11) the Imperial Opera. After his return to Paris his graceful opéras comiques, such as Jean de Paris (1812) and La Dame blanche (1825), were popular. He taught piano and composition at the Paris Conservatory.