Yes. Foods such as fudge, divinity, pralines, etc. are cooked by
boiling. Also, many pie fillings are boiled, such as lemon meringue
and chocolate custard pie, as are some cake icings, such as Seven
Minute icing.
Some sweets are boiled and then baked, such as chocolate eclairs
and cream puffs. The dough, called pate' a' choux (pronounced pat a
shu) is first cooked on top of the stove, then piped onto a baking
sheet and baked before being filled with a custard.