Catholic AnswerThe Jesuits were formed by St. Ignatius Loyola and approved by Pope Paul III in 1540.
from A Catholic Dictionary, edited by Donald Attwater, Second edition, revised 1957
The Jesuits.
The Society, at first called Company, of Jesus, an order of clerks regular founded by St. Ignatius Loyola in 1534. Whilst the primary end of the Society is to be at the call of the pope for whatever work is required, its chief apostolic labours are the education of youth and foreign missions. In addition to their numerous schools and colleges for lay pupils, Jesuits are in charge of a number of seminaries in Rome and elsewhere and such pontifical institutions as the Gregorian University, and are strongly represented on Roman congregations and commissions; outstanding in their scholarship is the work of the Bollandists and they are responsible for mission territories in many parts of the world (including Alaska [in 1949]). They have a number of priests of Byzantine rite, working chiefly among Russians and other Slavs. The solemn vows of religion are taken by a special section of the priests when they make their second profession, or, as is said, "take their last vows" to which is added a fourth, of special obedience to the Holy See to go wherever sent on missions. The training undergone is long, arduous and varied. A devoted spirit of obedience, versatility and efficiency are characteristic of the Society. Its rules are contained in the "institutum Societatis Jesu," especially the constitutions as drawn up by St. Ignatius himself; in view of fables current about the society, it may be noted that these rules are not secret. The Society is divided throughout the world into provinces, governed by provincials under the father general residing in Rome. The English province conducts the boarding-colleges of Stonyhurst, Beaumont and Mount St. Mary's, as well as secondary day schools, numerous parishes, and retreat houses in Great Britain, and missions in British overseas territory. Ireland and Canada has each its own province, and there are four in the United States, where the Society's educational establishments are very numerous, including Fordham University in New York, Marquette at Milwaukee, Loyola at Chicago and New Orleans, and Georgetown. It is the largest of the religious orders....