Yes, the military does give bonuses for recruitment.

Yes, military officers are eligible for reenlistment bonuses depending on their branch of service and the specific circumstances. The bonus amount may vary based on factors such as job specialty, deployment history, and the needs of the military at the time. Officers should consult their branch's policies and speak with a career counselor for specific details regarding reenlistment bonuses.

Its all dependent upon different duty assignments, different bonuses, what rank you are, and time in service.

Yes, Bonuses are income and income is taxable

Enlistment bonuses which provide funds for college and the GI Bill are available to those who serve in the military. The enlistment bonuses aren't always available, and your eligibility is dependent on a number of factors, but the GI Bill is available to everyone.