 |
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (December 2007) |
 |
This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (April 2009) |
| Bor | |
|---|---|
  Bor
|
|
| Coordinates: 6°14′N 31°34′E / 6.233°N 31.567°E | |
| Country |  Sudan |
| Admin. division | Jonglei State |
Bor (Arabic: بور) is a small town in Southern Sudan and is the capital of Jonglei State. It is located off the east Bank of the River Nile. The city is 200 kilometres from Juba, the capital of autonomous Southern Sudan. The state borders Ethiopia to the east, Upper Nile State to the northeast, Western Upper Nile State to the northwest, Lakes to the west, Eastern Equatoria state to the southeast and Central Equatoria to the southwest.
Contents |
Geography and History
Bor (meaning 'wetlands') has a significant historical attachment to the people of Southern Sudan. It was in Malek, 19 km a small post south of Bor that the first mission was established by Archibald Shaw in December 1905. Bor became the first area to host a Church Missionary Society station in 1905. Malek was turned into the missionaries' stronghold in the upper state. Shaw opened the first primary school in Malek. This school produced the first indigenous Anglican bishop to be consecrated in Dinkaland, His lordship Daniel Deng Atong, followed the Nikonora Achiek Deng Ariir. John Aruor became the first legend to be baptized in 1916 in Bor. On May 16 1983, Kerubino Kuanyin Bol, a lieutenant colonel in the Sudanese army, led a mutiny in Bor town. He fired the first bullet to initiate the liberation of South Sudanese Christians at the mercy of the oppressive and brutal government of Sudan. Later, encouraged by now future Sudanese Vice President and President of Southern Sudan, Commander in Chief of the Sudan People's Liberation Army and Movement and Chairman of SPLM/A, the late Dr. John Garang de Mabior.
Southeastern Dinka comprises of Bor and Twic. They occupy the region around the town along the twelve payams from Kolnyang in the South to Duk in the far north of Twic East. The Dinka in Jonglei state is made up of Twic, Gok, and Athooch.
Currently Dinka occupied three counties in Jonglei State Bor county, Twic East, Duk and Bor Counties.
Clans in Bor Community
Bor community know to be one but people didn;t always go deeper to udnerstand the depth of it. Bor is bodering a lot of southern Sudanese tribe in both end of the her geographical compus. Within the community bor is divid into three counties, 13 payams and many bomas that represent the clans and subclans of the region.
Bor Counties
Gok South County
Kolnyang (Kolnyang town, Gak, Cueikeer, Malek, Malual-chaat, Panpandiar, Panwel, Paria, Jam, Bangachorot/Mackwach-Thep, and Atekpiny), and Anyidi (Anyidi town, Mareng, Borong, Wer-Manydit, Pakwau, and Wermel)
Gok North County
Makuach (Makwach town, Kapa'at, Werkok, and Leudier)
Athooc County
Baidit (Mach-Deng, Makol-Cueei, and Mathiang),and Jalle (Jalle town, Akuai-Deng, Yomciir,Kolmerek, Liliir, and Paleep)
Twic East County
Maar, Paliau, Wangulei, Pawel,and Wernyol
Duk County
Duk Padiet, and Duk Payuel
Jongeli State Counties
Gok South Gok North Athooc Twic Duk Akobo Pibor Pibor Wuror Nirol Pigi Panjak Buma
Tourism
Bor is a town with potential for being a tourist centre, given its location near the Sudd with beautiful varieties of flora and fauna such as water birds and animals. Its people are peaceful and welcoming to foreigners. First steps to allow tourism are already being taken by the current Government of Jonglei State. Accommodation in tents is available for visitors. The UN Agencies, like UNHCR, and other development actors, are opening offices and are adding to the appeal and the services on offer in the town.
Famous people
Regional
It was in this region, Southeastern Dinka, also known as Dinka Bor, that some Southern Sudanese prominent politicians originated. Among them:
The late Lt. General, Dr. John Garang de Mabior (First Vice-President of the Republic of Sudan, 1st President of the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan, C-in-C of the SPLA, Founder of SPLM/A).
H.E Mr Abel Alier Kuai Kut, a respected judge, graduate of University of Khartoum (LLB) and Yale University (LLM). He was 2nd Vice-President of Sudan from 1971-1982 and 1st President of the Autonomous South Sudan from 1972- 1978 and 1980 -1982. He is currently the head of the Sudanese National Electoral Commission and a member of International Court of Arbitration in the Hague, Netherlands.
Brigadier General Arok Thon Arok (Founding member of SPLM/A, 4th in Command at the time of SPLM's founding).
Lt. General Kuol Manyang Juuk (Governor of Jonglei State, Founding member of SPLM/A).
Atem Garang Deng Dekuek. first Southerner to be Deputy Speaker of Sudan's National Assembly.
Rebbeca Nyangdeng de Mabior (The wife of the Late Dr. John Garang de Mabior
Majur Nhial Makol, former Brigadier General in President Gaafar Nimeiry's administration, and holder of Masters degree in Finance and International Relations from England.
Deng Malual Deng a paramount, Sudan. He named it Jonglei after the locals refers to white men as Jong-lei meaning alien god. After his death in 1800s his son Jogaak Deng Malual took over, after Jongaak's Death, Ajang Dout then took over. Kuol Manyang Juuk the former SPLA commander is now the current governor of Jonglei State, South Sudan
Late Adier Deng Adier (Senior Anyanya I Leader).
Politicians
Famous traditional leaders in Bor include,Bullen Alier Bior,Edward Gai Garang Deng, Geu Atherkuei, the First Southern Sudanese to be formally appointed as the minister, Thon Leek Deng for Governor Jonglei State 2005-2008, Alier Leek Agot, Deng Awour Ayom, Majak Agook Atem, Jet figter Maker Deng Malou, Ajak Mabior Deng Anyuon, Mamer Biar Kur, Mayen Ngoor, Gai Arou Gai, Yuang Nyieth Nhial, Kon Mabil Kuol, Kuany Ayen, Mach Aluong Mach, Late Bul Anyang, Ayuen Chol Akuot, Kuol Biar Deng, Deng Chol Akol, Ajak Thoot, Late Ajang Duot,late Manyok Duot Lual, Late Nikanora Manyok Aguer Deng, Late Dut Kuek, Ajith Jooh Looch, Rech Deng, Late Akuak Mayen Akuak, Late Jo'oK Alith AKuei,late Deng Akuei Kur, Deng Biar Abit, Kuol Biar Akol, Chol Akuot Nhial, Kon Nhial Kur, Keech Bior Keech, Majok Akuak Mayen, Akuei Jook Alith, Mathor Alier jongror, Nuer Ngueny Deng, late Warabek Ayuel, late Bul Koch, late Thuch Arok Aleer, late Mabior Ngueny Chol ( d.1994), Late Diing Bul Anyang who was killed during 1991 Bor Massacre, Chol Adol, Kuol Anyieth Ngong, Anyieth Ngong Akhok,and Deng Anyuel; ll ruled at different intervals across the Bor lines).
The list of the senior politicians who had played the most significant part in the Southern Sudanese politics can reach more than thousand of names
Famous Traditional Artists/Signers
The fragile situation in Sudan in late 50 and 60s was kept alive by the admirable singers and local comedicians. Some of them later paid the price of singing political songs of which the most popular and prominent singers Ayom Anyieth who is originally from the clan of Adol was killed by the Arabs troops at day light. publicly known as Ayomthuonglual was slain by the Arabs military regime in Bor due to his political songs on Arabs (Aluel Arab ye buk luel ye pandene; ke wuok kusng riim); Joseph Kelei Dhaal (d.1996), Ngor Dau Ngor, Alier Monydhel Yuang, Malek Manyiel, Panchol Garang Kuech, Chingath Mading, Martin Majier Ayom, and Wel Reech, Anyar Anyieth, Mach Garang known as aleechtuung. Comedians include: Pach Ahok, Machot Mach Awar, Thuma Alier, Guen, Jongroor Deng Alic and Majok Kuleng.
The Bor Massacre
|
|
This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this section if you can. (April 2009) |
On November 15, 1991 the event known as the Bor Massacre commenced in Southern Sudan. Forces led by the breakaway faction of Riek Machar deliberately killed and estimated 85,000 civilians in Bor and wounded relatively the same number in the course of two months. Famine followed the massacre, as Machar's forces had looted and burnt villages and as well as raiding cattle. An estimated 25,000 more people died as a result, according to Amnesty International.
The Bor massacre was triggered by a coup declaration against the then SPLM chairman, the late Dr. John Garang on August 28, 1991, by the current vice president of the government of Southern Sudan, Dr. Riek Machar. Thousands of civilians in the Bor and Kongor area died when Dr. Riek's Nuer forces turned against them and killed them after his failure to topple Dr. John Garang. The majority of people perished in the Kongor area as determined by the United nations assessment of causalities in 1992.
Dr. Riek described the incident as "propaganda" and "myth" despite horrific evidence of mass killing shown by bones and corpses in the aftermath of the massacre.
In his own word recorded in the video, "Sudan Massacre" posted on You Tube, he said that "most of Garang's troops are wiped out in Bor." This is ironic and self implicating because it was the civilians who were wiped out in Bor. Garang's troops which he claimed to have been wiped out in Bor were in deployment in Juba trying to capture the city from the Islamic government.
Dr. Riek was also quoted as saying (Sudan Massacre, You Tube) that "I cannot just say kill the Dinka Bor, no, not at all. They're using it as a human rights violation; I'm aware of that. I think it is propaganda." This is a big lie. If he couldn't say "kill the Dinka Bor," who ordered the killings? Whether Riek ordered the killings or his commanders in the fields did it on their own accord, he should be held accountable because he did not discipline his commanders to respect civilians.
Apart from Riek himself denying the massacre despite enormous evidence recorded in the media and video tapes, his associates have also attempted to hid the truth, waging a massivepropaganda campaign.
Non-governmental organisations
Humanitarian NGOs working in Bor County include:
- Adventist Development and Relief Agency
- Handicap International
- INTERSOS
- MSF
- Polish Humanitarian Organisation
- Project Education Sudan
External links
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
