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border

 
Dictionary: bor·der   (bôr'dər) pronunciation
 
n.
  1. A part that forms the outer edge of something.
  2. A decorative strip around the edge of something, such as fabric.
  3. A strip of ground, as at the edge of a garden or walk, in which ornamental plants or shrubs are planted.
  4. The line or frontier area separating political divisions or geographic regions; a boundary.

v., -dered, -der·ing, -ders.

v.tr.
  1. To put a border on.
  2. To lie along or adjacent to the border of: Canada borders the United States.
v.intr.
  1. To lie adjacent to another: The United States borders on Canada.
  2. To be almost like another in character: an act that borders on heroism.

[Middle English bordure, from Old French bordeure, from border, to border, from bort, border, of Germanic origin.]

borderer bor'der·er n.

SYNONYMS  border, margin, edge, verge, brink, rim, brim. These nouns refer to the line or narrow area that marks the outside limit of something such as a surface. Border refers either to the boundary line (a fence along the border of the property) or to the area immediately inside (a frame with a wide border). Margin is a border of more or less precisely definable width: the margin of the page. Edge refers to the bounding line formed by the continuous convergence of two surfaces: sat on the edge of the chair. Verge is an extreme terminating line or edge: the sun's afterglow on the verge of the horizon. Figuratively it indicates a point at which something is likely to begin or to happen: an explorer on the verge of a great discovery. Brink denotes the edge of a steep place: stood on the brink of the cliff. In an extended sense it indicates the likelihood or imminence of a sudden change: on the brink of falling in love. Rim most often denotes the edge of something circular or curved: a crack in the rim of the lens. Brim applies to the upper edge or inner side of the rim of something shaped like a basin: lava issuing from the brim of the crater.


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Continuous design around the edge of a printed advertisement. It serves to set the ad apart from other ads on a page and also pulls together the elements of the advertisement. The border can be anything from a simple line to an elaborate, detailed, or highly decorative design. Depending on the talent and time available, the border can be drawn by the artist and submitted to the printer along with the layout, or the printer can set the border as part of the process of typesetting the ad copy.

 
Thesaurus: border
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also border on

noun

  1. A fairly narrow line or space forming a boundary: borderline, brim, brink, edge, edging, fringe, margin, periphery, rim, verge. Chiefly Military perimeter. See edge/center.
  2. The line or area separating geopolitical units: borderland, boundary, frontier, march, marchland. See edge/center, territory.

verb

  1. To put or form a border on: bound, edge, fringe, margin, rim, skirt, verge. See edge/center.
  2. To be contiguous or next to: abut, adjoin, bound, butt, join, meet, neighbor, touch, verge. See near/far/distance.

phrasal verb - border on (or upon)

    To come near, as in quality or amount: approach, approximate, challenge, rival, verge on. See same/different/compare.

 
Antonyms: border
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n

Definition: boundary; frontier
Antonyms: center, interior, mainland, middle, region, territory

n

Definition: outermost edge, margin
Antonyms: center, inside, interior, middle

v

Definition: bound on; be on the edge
Antonyms: be inside, center


 

A boundary line established by a state, or a region, to define its spatial extent. It may contribute to national identity and a sense of belonging—literally ‘knowing one's place’—and to a defensive xenophobia. See boundary.

Some geographers have identified an increasing homogenization of space and a weakening of the power of the state; a move to a borderless world (K. Ohmae, 1990), brought about by globalization. However, while in some regions, such as the European Union, borders have become increasingly porous, struggles over the demarcation of borders have caused major conflicts; for example, in the former Yugoslavia in the late twentieth century. See genocide, nation; Compare with boundary.

 
Architecture: border
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In a theater, a strip of material which is stretched horizontally over the top of a stage, usually on rigging; used to mask the flies, lights, and other objects of scenery or overhead machinery.


 

A boundary line, edge or surface.

  • basal b. of the lung — the caudal border, where the lung border moves backwards and forwards on the diaphragm.
  • brush b. — a specialization of the free surface of a cell, consisting of minute cylindrical processes (microvilli) that greatly increase the surface area.
 

(DOD, NATO) In cartography, the area of a map or chart lying between the neatline and the surrounding framework.

 

Usually, a long narrow garden bed, backed by shrubs, buildings, walls, fences, or other defining backgrounds. A herbaceous border is composed primarily of perennials, bulbs, and annuals. A mixed border also includes shrubs and possibly trees.

 
Word Tutor: border
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: A strip along the edge of something.

pronunciation Art is like a border of flowers along the course of civilization. — Lincoln Steffens

Tutor's tip: The "boarder" (person who pays for regular meals in someone's home) stood at the "border" (edge) of the moat and looked at the "bordure" (part of a coat of arms) on the castle drawbridge.

 
Wikipedia: Border
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The bridge over the Inari River in Karigasniemi, on the border of Finland and Norway.

Borders define geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, states or subnational administrative divisions. They may foster the setting up of buffer zones. Some borders are fully or partially controlled, and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints.

Contents

Definitions of borders

In the past many borders were not clearly defined lines, but were neutral zones called marchlands. This has been reflected in recent times with the neutral zones that were set up along part of Saudi Arabia's borders with Kuwait and Iraq (however, these zones no longer exist). In modern times the concept of a marchland has been replaced by that of the clearly defined and demarcated border.

For the purposes of border control, airports and seaports are also classed as borders. Most countries have some form of border control to restrict or limit the movement of people, animals, plants, and goods into or out of the country. Under international law, each country is generally permitted to define the conditions which have to be met by a person to legally cross its borders by its own laws, and to prevent persons from crossing its border when this happens in violation of those laws.

In order to cross borders, the presentation of passports and visas or other appropriate forms of identity document is required by some legal orders. To stay or work within a country's borders aliens (foreign persons) may need special immigration documents or permits that authorise them to do so.

Moving goods across a border often requires the payment of excise tax, often collected by customs officials. Animals (and occasionally humans) moving across borders may need to go into quarantine to prevent the spread of exotic or infectious diseases. Most countries prohibit carrying illegal drugs or endangered animals across their borders. Moving goods, animals or people illegally across a border, without declaring them, seeking permission, or deliberately evading official inspection constitutes smuggling.

Border economics

The presence of borders often fosters certain economic features or anomalies. Wherever two jurisdictions come into contact, special economic opportunities arise for border trade. Smuggling provides a classic case; contrariwise, a border region may flourish on the provision of excise or of importexport services — legal or quasi-legal, corrupt or corruption-free. Different regulations on either side of a border may encourage services to position themselves at or near that border: thus the provision of pornography, of prostitution, of alcohol and/or of narcotics may cluster around borders, city limits, county lines, ports and airports. In a more planned and official context, Special Economic Zones (SEZs) often tend to cluster near borders or ports.

Human economic traffic across borders (apart from kidnapping), may involve mass commuting between workplaces and residential settlements. The removal of internal barriers to commerce, as in France after the French Revolution or in Europe since the 1940s, de-emphasises border-based economic activity and fosters free trade. Euroregions are similar official structures built around commuting across borders.

Border politics

Political borders have a variety of meanings for those whom they affect. Many borders in the world have checkpoints where border control agents inspect those crossing the boundary.

In much of Europe, such controls were abolished by the Schengen Agreement and subsequent European Union legislation. Since the Treaty of Amsterdam, the competence to pass laws on crossing internal and external boders within the European Union and the associated Schengen States (Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein) lies exclusively within the jurisdiction of the European Union, except where states have used a specific right to opt-out (United Kingdom and Ireland, which maintain a common travel area amongst themselves). For details, see Schengen Area.

The United States has notably increased measures taken in border control on the Canada–United States border and the United States–Mexico border during its War on Terrorism. The 3600-km (2000-mile) US-Mexico border is probably "the world's longest boundary between a First World and Third World country."[1]

Historic borders such as the Great Wall of China, the Maginot Line, and Hadrian's Wall have played a great many roles and been marked in different ways. While the stone walls, the Great Wall of China and the Roman Hadrian's Wall in Britain had military functions, the entirety of the Roman borders were very porous, a policy which encouraged Roman economic activity with its neighbors[2]. On the other hand, a border like the Maginot Line was entirely military and was meant to prevent any access in what was to be World War II to France by its neighbor, Germany.

Border studies

There has been a renaissance in the study of borders during the past two decades, partially resulting from the creation of a counter narrative to notions of a borderless world which have been advanced as part of globalization theory[3]. Examples of recent initiatives are the Border Regions in Transition network of scholars[4], the International Boundaries Research Unit at the University of Durham[5], the Association of Borderland Scholars in the USA[6], and the founding of smaller border research centres at Nijmegen[7] and Queen's University Belfast[8].

Leading scholars in the contemporary study of borders include Anssi Paasi at the University of Oulu, Henk van Houtum at the Radboud University Nijmegen, Doris Wastl Water at the University of Bern, and David Newman at Ben Gurion University.

Image gallery

The following pictures show in how many different ways international and regional borders can be closed off, monitored, at least marked as such, or simply unremarkable.

See also

References

  1. ^ Murphy, Cullen. Roman Empire: gold standard of immigration. Los Angeles Times, June 16, 2007 (accessed here June 20, 2007)
  2. ^ Murphy 2007
  3. ^ D. Newman & A. Paasi, `Fences and neighbours in the post-modern world: boundary narratives in political geography', Progress in Human Geography, 22 (2), 186-207, 1998; D. Newman, `The lines that continue to separate us: Borders in our borderless world’, Progress in Human Geography, Vol 30 (2), 1-19, 2006.
  4. ^ BRIT network
  5. ^ IBRU
  6. ^ http://www.absborderlands.org/
  7. ^ http://www.ru.nl/ncbr/
  8. ^ http://www.qub.ac.uk/cibr/

External links


 
Translations: Border
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - grænse
v. tr. - kante, give kant, indramme
v. intr. - grænse op til, støde op til

idioms:

  • border on    grænse til, tangere

Nederlands (Dutch)
grens, rand, boord, marge, kantlijn, zoom, berm, begrenzen, omzomen, grenzen aan

Français (French)
n. - bord, rive, limite, bordure, lisière, frontière, frontalier, plate-bande, encadrement, cadre
v. tr. - border, entourer, encadrer, être limitrophe de, avoisiner, (fig) être voisin ou proche de, frôler
v. intr. - longer, border, avoir une frontière commune avec, (fig) friser (folie, arrogance)

idioms:

  • border on    être limitrophe de, avoisiner, (fig) être voisin ou proche de, frôler

Deutsch (German)
n. - Rand, Kante, Saum, Rabatte, Grenze
v. - umgrenzen, umsäumen, angrenzen an

idioms:

  • border on    angrenzen an

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - άκρη, όριο, σύνορο, μεθόριος, γύρος, μπορντούρα, ρέλι, σιρίτι, (τυπογρ.) πλαίσιο, μπορντούρα, βινιέτα
v. - οριοθετώ, βάζω μπορντούρα, ρελιάζω
adj. - συνοριακός, μεθοριακός

idioms:

  • border on    συνορεύω με, εγγίζω τα όρια του, προσεγγίζω

Italiano (Italian)
delimitare, orlare, confinare con, bordo, confine, frontiera, zona di frontiera, margine, orlo, periferico

idioms:

  • border on    confinare con

Português (Portuguese)
n. - borda (f), fronteira (f)
v. - formar fronteira, confinar, debruar

idioms:

  • border on    beirar

Русский (Russian)
огораживать, отделывать каймой, граничить, граница, край, кайма, поле, бордюр, пограничный

idioms:

  • border on    граничить с чем-либо

Español (Spanish)
n. - borde, confín, linde, frontera, límite, cruce fronterizo, zona fronteriza, margen, ribete
v. tr. - acotar, delimitar, demarcar, dobladillar, ribetear, bordear, confinar
v. intr. - confinar, lindar con, rayar o frisar en, hacer bordes o rayas

idioms:

  • border on    limitar con, lindar con, rayar en

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - kant, rand, gräns, ram
v. - kanta, begränsa
adj. - angränsande

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
边缘, 边沿, 边界, 国界, 边境, 饰边, 滚边, 与...接壤, 接近, 毗邻, 接界, 近似

idioms:

  • border on    接壤

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 邊緣, 邊沿, 邊界, 國界, 邊境, 飾邊, 滾邊
v. tr. - 與...接壤, 接近
v. intr. - 毗鄰, 接界, 近似

idioms:

  • border on    接壤

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 가장자리, 경계, 한계
v. tr. - ~에 가장자리를 달다, ~과 경계를 이루다
v. intr. - 상접하다, 유사하다, 거의 ~라고 말 할 수 있다

idioms:

  • border on    유사하다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - へり, 縁, 縁飾り, 国境, 国境地方
v. - 接している, 縁を付ける, ほとんど近い, 近似する

idioms:

  • border on    接する

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) حدود, حد, حافه, طرف, هامش (فعل) جاور, تاخم, وضع حاشيه (صفه) مجاور للحدود, حدودي‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮גבול, קצה, שפה, איזור-ספר, ערוגת שיחים או פרחים ארוכה‬
v. tr. - ‮עשה שפה ל-‬
v. intr. - ‮גבל ב-‬


 
 
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