It depends if you're exposed to large amounts of bleach it could cause coughing, nausea, shortness of breath, watery eyes, chest pains, irritation to the throat, nose and eyes
…, and wheezing. If you are exposed to a large amounts of bleach it will not cause brain damage but may cause respiratory damage. If you where to mix bleach with other chemicals such as ammonia or if you where to swallow bleach you could risk getting brain damage. If you mix bleach with ammonia it causes a toxic gas. Ammonia is found in urine so mixing bleach and urine can cause a reaction which then causes a toxic gas to be released. To avoid this flush your toilet before putting bleach inside of it to clean. Also mixing bleach with other household cleaners can cause chemical reactions that also cause toxic gases. Avoid swallowing bleach as it can cause brain damage but worst it can kill you. Yes and No bleach can cause brain damage in some cases if you mix it with other cleaning products or ingest it. It will not cause brain damage if do not mix it with other chemicals. (MORE) 
