When a breast is removed as part of breast cancer treatment, it is typically referred to as a mastectomy. A mastectomy may be recommended in cases where the cancer is large, aggressive, or has spread to surrounding tissues, or if the patient has a high risk of recurrence. There are different types of mastectomy procedures, including:
Total (Simple) Mastectomy: In a total mastectomy, the entire breast tissue, including the nipple and areola, is removed, but the lymph nodes under the arm are left intact.
Modified Radical Mastectomy: This procedure involves removing the entire breast tissue, as well as some of the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes).
Radical Mastectomy: This less common procedure involves removing the entire breast tissue, as well as the chest muscles under the breast and lymph nodes in the armpit.
Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: In this procedure, the breast tissue is removed, but the skin covering the breast is preserved to facilitate breast reconstruction.
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: In a nipple-sparing mastectomy, the breast tissue is removed, but the nipple and areola are preserved. This approach is often used when breast reconstruction is planned.
After a mastectomy, patients may undergo additional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy depending on the characteristics of the cancer and the individual's overall health. Breast reconstruction may also be considered to restore the appearance of the breast after surgery. It's important for individuals undergoing mastectomy to discuss their treatment options and preferences with their healthcare team to make informed decisions about their care.
