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Stress can cause Brief Reactive Psychosis, and it can cause Depression as well. so perhaps it can indirectly.

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Stress can cause Brief Reactive Psychosis, and it can cause Depression as well. so perhaps it can indirectly.

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*brief psychosis*

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Psychosis is a term describing mental health symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorder, and negative symptoms.

Psychosis is a broad term, which encompasses a range of diagnoses. These include schizophrenia, substance-induced psychosis, brief reactive psychosis, post partum psychosis, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder to name just a few. These disorders have the presence of psychotic symptoms as a common feature. However, the specific diagnoses are differentiated according to a variety of features such as lengbth of illness, association with mood, association with drug use or stress, etc.

So, there is not another name for 'psychosis', but there are a range of terms that people use to more specifically name types of psychotic illness. Sometimes people use these terms interchangeably with psychosis - even though this is strictly not correct.

(As an analogy, consider the term cancer - like psychosis, cancer is an umbrella term covering a range of more specific types such as breast cancer, bone cancer, ovarian cancer etc).

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Definition

Brief reactive psychosis is a sudden, short-term display of psychotic behavior, such as hallucinations or delusions, that occurs with a stressful event.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Brief reactive psychosis is triggered by extreme stress (such as a traumatic accident or loss of a loved one), and is followed by a return to the previous level of function. The person may or may not be aware of the strange behavior.

This condition most often affects people in their 20s, 30s, and 40s. People who have personality disorders are at greater risk for having a brief reactive psychosis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of brief reactive psychosis may include the following:

  • Disorganized behavior
  • False ideas about what is taking place (delusions)
  • Hearing or seeing things that aren't real (hallucinations)
  • Strange speech or language

The symptoms are not due to alcohol or other drug abuse and they last longer than a day, but less than a month.

Signs and tests

A psychiatric evaluation can confirm the diagnosis. A physical exam and laboratory testing can rule out medical illness as the cause of the symptoms.

Treatment

By definition, psychotic symptoms go away on their own in less than 1 month. In some cases, however, brief reactive psychosis can be the beginning of a more chronic psychotic condition, such as schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Antipsychotic drugs can help decrease or stop the psychotic symptoms.

Talk therapy may also help you cope with the emotional stress that triggered the problem.

Expectations (prognosis)

Most people with this disorder have a good outcome. Repeat episodes may occur in response to stress.

Complications

As with all psychotic illnesses, this condition can severely disrupt your life and possibly lead to violence and suicide.

Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with a mental health professional if you have symptoms of this disorder. If you are concerned for your safety or for the safety of someone else, call the local emergency number (such as 911) or go immediately to the nearest emergency room.

References

International Early Psychosis Association Writing Group. International clinical practice guidelines for early psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;187:s120-s124.

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Trauma and stress can cause a short-term psychosis (less than a month's duration) known as brief psychotic disorder.

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