British big cats

British big cats, also referred to as ABCs (Alien, or Anomalous, Big Cats), phantom cats and mystery cats, are Felidae which are not native to Britain which are reported to inhabit the British countryside. These sightings are often reported as "panthers", "pumas", or "black cats". Their existence is unproven, but many suggestions exist to explain how these animals might have come to inhabit Britain, including that they are animals released after the Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 came into force,^[1] or that they are surviving Ice Age fauna.^[2]

Evidence for their existence

First sightings

In the 1760s the great radical writer, William Cobbett recalled in his Rural Rides how, as a boy, he had seen a cat "as big as a middle-sized Spaniel dog" climb into a hollow elm tree in the grounds of the ruined Waverley Abbey near Farnham in Surrey. Later, in New Brunswick, he saw a "lucifee" (North American lynx – Felis lynx canadensis) "and it seemed to me to be just such a cat as I had seen at Waverley."^[3] Another old report was found by David Walker from The Times in 1827 of a "lynx" being seen.^[4]

Further back there is a medieval Welsh poem Pa Gwr in the Black Book of Carmarthen which mentions a Cath Palug, meaning "Palug's cat" or "clawing cat", which roamed Anglesey until slain by Cei. In the Welsh Triads, it was the offspring of the monstrous sow Henwen.^[5]

Captures and remains

This Puma was captured in the wild, in Inverness-shire, Scotland in 1980. It is believed to have been an abandoned pet. It was subsequently put into a zoo and when it died, it was stuffed and placed in in Inverness Museum.^[6]

A Eurasian lynx was shot in summer 1991 near Norwich, Norfolk. It had killed around 15 sheep within two weeks. The story was only reported in 2003, and the lynx is apparently now in the possession of a collector in Suffolk (as taxidermy). For many years this incident was considered to have been a hoax, particularly by the hunting community, But in March 2006 a police report confirmed that the case was true. It was probably an escapee from a facility in the area that bred animals, including Eurasian lynxes.^[7] Another lynx and a puma have been captured alive.^[8]

Video and photographic evidence

In June 2006 a large black cat was recorded in the countryside of Banff, Aberdeenshire. Footage of the cat was broadcast by the BBC on the 24th May 2007.^[9]

In July 2009, photographs and video footage of a large black cat were taken by an off-duty Ministry of Defence Police officer. The animal was walking along a railway line in Helensburgh, Argyll. Large cats, either black or tan, have been reported in the area before.^[10]

Sightings

The research group Big Cats in Britain publishes reported sightings annually by county. The "top ten" counties or regions of Great Britain between April 2004 and July 2005 were:^[11]

Species that have been noted only occasionally include the Leopard Cat, which is the size of a domestic cat but has leopard-like spots, the Clouded Leopard, a specialised species from the tropics which was captured after living wild in Kent in 1975, and there are even extraordinary cases of lions being reported in Devon and Somerset.^[12]

Reported British big cat sightings

Current interest in Big cat reports appear to stem from the late 1950s, with news stories of the Surrey Puma^[13] and Fen Tiger.^[14] In 1963 the Shooters Hill "cheetah" was reported from that area of London.^[15] and in 1964 came similar reports from Norfolk.^[16] From the 1970s reports spread across the country; the Beast of Exmoor was reported from Devon and Somerset^[17] and the Sheppey Panther has been rumoured to exist since that decade.^[18] In 1980 came the first modern report from Scotland,^[19] and the Kellas Cat was shot there in 1984.

Greater interest in phantom cats grew from headline stories of the Beast of Bodmin from 1992,^[20] and Dumfries and Galloway (the Galloway Puma). There were many more news stories from different parts of the country.^{[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]}

Government involvement

In 1988, the Ministry of Agriculture took the unusual step of sending in Royal Marines to carry out a massive search for the rumoured Beast of Exmoor after an increase in the number of mysteriously killed livestock, and farmer complaints over subsequent loss of money. Several Marines claimed to have seen the cat fleetingly, but nothing other than a fox was ever found. The Ministry concluded that reports of the Beast were nothing more than mass hysteria.^{[citation needed]} The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has published a list of predatory cats that they know to have escaped in the United Kingdom, although most of these have been recaptured.^[31]

Mythological explanation

For many hundred of years the myth of the spectral Black Dog has persisted in Britain — a supposed mythical creature appearing as a large black animal in remote moorland with no firm evidence beyond hearsay for its existence. Such stories inspired the Sherlock Holmes novel The Hound of the Baskervilles. It has been suggested that the stories of "Black Cats" are merely a modern continuation of such myths and stories, sharing the same elements but with the idea of a supernatural cause having fallen out of credibility (possibly due to the influence of the aforementioned novel) and the modern, more plausible, idea of an escaped or released wildcat supplanting it.^[32][33][34] In addition, the stories of big cats share many traits suitable for the tabloid press — as such leading to wide exposure of any potential "cat" and further and rapid dissemination of any speculation or supposed evidence for it, helping to build a widespread urban myth.

See also

• Cryptozoology
• European Wildcat
• Kellas Cat
• Phantom cat

Further reading

• BCIB Yearbook 2007, Ed. Mark Fraser, CFZ 2008
• Beer, Trevor The Beast of Exmoor: Fact or legend? Countryside Productions 1988
• Brierly, Nigel They stalk by night - the big cats of Exmoor and the South West Yeo Valley Productions 1988
• Francis, Di The Beast of Exmoor and other mystery predators of Britain Johnathan Cape 1993
• Francis, Di Cat Country David and Charles 1982
• Harpur, Merrily Mystery Big Cats Heart of Albion 2006
• Moiser, Chris Mystery Cats of Devon and Cornwall Bossiney Books 2002
• Moiser, Chris Big Cat Mysteries of Somerset Bossiney Books 2005
• Moiser, Chris Mystery Big Cats of Dorset Inspiring Places 2007
• Shuker, Karl Mystery Cats of the World: From Blue Tigers to Exmoor Beasts Robert Hale 1989

References

1. ^ "Naturalist Simon King (interview)". BBC Radio 4 "Saturday Live". http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lxsq9. Retrieved 2009-08-08. 
2. ^ "Di Francis of Big Cats in Britain (interview)". BBC Radio 4 "Saturday Live". http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00lxsq9. Retrieved 2009-08-08. 
3. ^ William Cobbett: Rural Rides (1830), p204 in Penguin 2001 edition
4. ^ "Inverness Big Cat". Scotcats.online.fr. 1927-01-14. http://scotcats.online.fr/abc/sightings/1926/inverness5.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
5. ^ "Arthur and the Porter". Maryjones.us. http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/bbc31.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
6. ^ http://www.ambaile.org.uk/en/item/item_audio.jsp?item_id=38933
7. ^ [1] BBC News
8. ^ [2] Naish, Darren: ”British big cats: how good, or bad, is the evidence?”, Tetrapod Zoology, February 19, 2006
9. ^ [3] 'Big cat' sighting on video, BBC Scotland, 24 May 2007]
10. ^ "Policeman takes 'big cat' photo". BBC News. 28 July 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/glasgow_and_west/8172064.stm. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
11. ^ BBC Wildlife Magazine, April 2006
12. ^ "Dartmoor Lion". Scotcats.online.fr. http://scotcats.online.fr/abc/attacks/dartmoorlions.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
13. ^ "The Surrey Puma". Meta-religion.com. 1985-01-30. http://www.meta-religion.com/Paranormale/Cryptozoology/Felines/surrey_puma.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
14. ^ "British Big Cats". Scottishbigcats.co.uk. http://www.bigcatsinbritain.org/fentiger.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
15. ^ Bord, Janet and Colin. Alien Animals Paul Elek, 1980. pp46-48
16. ^ Bord, Janet and Colin. Alien Animals Paul Elek, 1980. p50
17. ^ Toile Solutions - Neil Meads. "The Definitive Guide To UK Big Cats". www.ukbigcats.co.uk. http://www.ukbigcats.co.uk/beastofexmoor.asp. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
18. ^ "'Is There a Panther Visiting Sheppey?' - East Kent Gazette". thisiskent.co.uk. 2009-11-11. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_8114/is_20091111/ai_n51153673/. Retrieved 2010-04-15. ^{[dead link]}
19. ^ [4]
20. ^ "Beast of Bodmin Moor". Unexplained Mysteries. http://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/viewarticle.php?id=37. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
21. ^ joe tozer. "It's Basingstoke NOT Boringstoke". Basingstoke.me.uk. http://www.basingstoke.me.uk/. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
22. ^ [5]
23. ^ "Beast of Bevendean strikes again (From The Argus)". Theargus.co.uk. 2008-06-10. http://www.theargus.co.uk/news/2332382.beast_of_bevendean_strikes_again/. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
24. ^ "Big cats sightings are 'reliable'". BBC News. 2009-01-07. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/gloucestershire/7814960.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-27. 
25. ^ "Bristol Evening Post: Big cats seen in Forest of Dean, 6 January 2009". Thisisbristol.co.uk. 2009-01-06. http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/news/Big-cats-seen-Forest-Dean/article-588998-detail/article.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
26. ^ "'It was like no other animal I've ever seen before' - Harborough Today". Harboroughmail.co.uk. http://www.Harboroughmail.co.uk/news/39It-was-like-no-other.4947899.jp. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
27. ^ "Policeman takes 'big cat' video". BBC. 2009-07-28. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/glasgow_and_west/8172064.stm. Retrieved 2009-07-28. 
28. ^ "Rutland & Leicestershire Panther Watch". http://www.bigcats.org.uk. 
29. ^ O'Neill, Sean (2001-05-09). "The Beast of Cricklewood is caged". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1329632/The-Beast-of-Cricklewood-is-caged.html. Retrieved 2010-09-01. 
30. ^ "Captured 'Beast Of Barnet' Recovers In Zoo". CryptoCorner. http://100megsfree4.com/farshores/abc_uk85.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-01. 
31. ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20061210055808/http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/vertebrates/reports/exotic-cat-escapes.pdf
32. ^ http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/mammals/beast-of-bodmin-moor/
33. ^ tp://www.bigcatsinbritain.org/bobsferal.htm
34. ^ http://www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/folklore/phantom-black-dogs.html

External links

• Big Cats in Britain Research Group