Bronx

The Bronx River in Bronxville, Westchester County, NY

The Bronx River, approximately 24 miles (39 km) long, flows through southeast New York in the United States. It is named after Colonial settler Jonas Bronck.

It originally rose in what is now the Kensico Reservoir, in Westchester County north of New York City. With the construction of the Kensico Dam in 1885, however, the river was cut off from its natural headwaters and today a small tributary stream serves as its source. The Bronx River flows south past White Plains, then south-southwest through the northern suburbs, passing Edgemont, Tuckahoe, Eastchester, and Bronxville. It divides Yonkers from Mount Vernon, and flows into the northern end of The Bronx, southward through Bronx Park, New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo and continues through urbanized areas of the South Bronx where it divides East Bronx from West Bronx. It empties into the East River, a tidal strait connected to Long Island Sound, between the Soundview and Hunts Point neighborhoods.

In the 17th century the river was called by the natives "Aquehung", derived from words meaning "Peace Place". ^[1] Skeptics point out that "Aqua" is Latin for "Water" but do not explain why the Dutch settlers would attribute a Latin name to people who did not speak Latin.

Pollution

During the 19th and 20th centuries, the river became a natural sewer into which industrial waste was being poured every day. An early mill on the industrialized river was the Lorillard Tobacco Mill, preserved in the grounds of the New York Botanical Gardens. With the decline of manufacturing in the area, the river continued to receive water pollution from the communities that lined its banks. Recently action has been taken by different environmental groups, including the Bronx River Alliance, to return the river to its original state as a clean waterway.^[2]

The river became a pet project of U.S. Representative José Serrano, who secured US$14.6 million in federal funding to support the rehabilitation of the waterway, into which some Westchester towns continued to discharge raw sewage intermittently, as sanitary sewer overflows, as late as 2006. Under a November 28, 2006 agreement, the municipalities of Scarsdale, White Plains, Mount Vernon and Greenburgh agreed to stop dumping sewage in the Bronx River by May 1, 2007.^{[citation needed]}

Urban runoff pollution continues to be a serious problem for the river. The Bronx River Watershed Coalition, a partnership of local and state agencies, citizen groups and non-profit organizations, have developed watershed management plans to reduce stormwater pollution and improve water quality.^[3]

Local alewife, taken from a coastal tributary in nearby Connecticut, were released in the river in March 2006.^[4] The alewife were expected to spawn in the river's headwaters. Their offspring would spend the summer in the river, migrate out to sea in the fall, and in three to five years return, like all anadromous fishes, to their spawning grounds. Stocking was intended to be repeated annually for the following five years, to build up the new resident population. The fishes, among a group called "river herring," feed low on the food-chain and help reduce eutrophication. And in fact, several adult alewife were found below the first dam on the river on April 7, 2009. As an analysis revealed they were 3 years old, the assumption of scientists is that these were in fact descendants of the alewife released 3 years before in March 2006. ^[5] The next step will be to erect fish ladders over the 3 dams lowest on the river, allowing the alewife access to a portion of the river with more suitable spawning habitat.^[6]

Recreational amenities and wildlife

The Bronx River approaches its mouth

Along much of its length in Westchester County and the northern Bronx the river is paralleled by the Bronx River Parkway and its associated bicycle path from Bronxville to the Kensico Dam plaza. A project, the Bronx River Greenway, proposes a unified management plan for the narrow ribbon of riverside green spaces in the 8 miles (13 km) stretch of river that passes through Westchester County and The Bronx, as part of the East Coast Greenway.

In the southern Bronx, the river has become a popular destination for urban canoeing in New York City. It also bisects the Bronx Zoo. A tram built in the late 20th century takes Zoo customers over the river to an exhibit of Asian animals on the left bank, with a narration presenting the river as the Irrawaddy.

In February 2007 biologists with the Wildlife Conservation Society, which operates the Zoo, spotted a beaver in the river. "There has not been a sighting of a beaver lodge or a beaver in New York City for over 200 years. It sounds fantastic, but one of the messages that comes out of this is if you give wildlife a chance it will come back," said John Calvelli, a spokesman for the Society.^[7][8][9] The beaver is named Jose Serrano, after the Congressman, and has been sighted below the East Tremont bridge at Drew Gardens as recently as June, 2009.^[10]

See also

• Bronx Kill
• List of New York rivers

Notes

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bronx River

• The Bronx River Alliance
• Bronx River Pathway Trail
• New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
• NYC DEP
• Rocking the Boat A river-based community outreach educational program
• The Bronx River Virtual Tour
• Hunts Point Express: The Bronx River teaches teens many lessons