Dictionary:

bud¹

  (bŭd)

1. Botany.
   1. A small protuberance on a stem or branch, sometimes enclosed in protective scales and containing an undeveloped shoot, leaf, or flower.
   2. The stage or condition of having buds: branches in full bud.
2. Biology.
   1. An asexual reproductive structure, as in yeast or a hydra, that consists of an outgrowth capable of developing into a new individual.
   2. A small, rounded organic part, such as a taste bud, that resembles a plant bud.
3. One that is not yet fully developed: the bud of a new idea.

1. To put forth or produce buds: a plant that buds in early spring.
2. To develop or grow from or as if from a bud: “listened sympathetically for a moment, a bemused smile budding forth” (Washington Post).
3. To be in an undeveloped stage or condition.
4. To reproduce asexually by forming a bud.

1. To cause to put forth buds.
2. To graft a bud onto (a plant).

[Middle English budde.]

Friend; chum. Used as a form of familiar address, especially for a man or boy: Move along, bud.

[Short for BUDDY.]

An embryonic shoot containing the growing stem tip surrounded by young leaves or flowers or both, and the whole frequently enclosed by special protective leaves, the bud scales.

The bud at the apex of the stem is called a terminal bud (illus. a). Any bud that develops on the side of a stem is a lateral bud. The lateral bud borne in the axil (angle between base of leaf and stem) of a leaf is the axillary bud (illus. a and d). It develops concurrently with the leaf which subtends it, but usually such buds do not unfold and grow rapidly until the next season. Because of the inhibitory influence of the apical or other buds, many axillary buds never develop actively or may not do so for many years. These are known as latent or dormant buds. Above or beside the axillary buds, some plants regularly produce additional buds called accessory, or supernumerary, buds. Accessory buds which occur above the axillary bud are called superposed buds (illus. c), and those beside it collateral buds (illus. d). Under certain conditions, such as removal of terminal and axillary buds, other buds may arise at almost any point on the stem, or even on roots or leaves. Such buds are known as adventitious buds. See also Plant growth.

buckeye). (b) Pseudoterminal (elm). (c) Superposed (butternut). (d) Collateral (red maple).">
Bud positions. (a) Terminal and axillary (buckeye). (b) Pseudoterminal (elm). (c) Superposed (butternut). (d) Collateral (red maple).

Buds that give rise to flowers only are termed flower buds, or in some cases, fruit buds. If a bud grows into a leafy shoot, it is called a leaf bud, or more accurately, a branch bud. A bud which contains both young leaves and flowers is called a mixed bud.

Buds of herbaceous plants and of some woody plants are covered by rudimentary foliage leaves only. Such buds are called naked buds. In most woody plants, however, the buds are covered with modified protective leaves in the form of scales. These buds are called scaly buds or winter buds. In the different species of plants, the bud scales differ markedly. They may be covered with hairs or with water-repellent secretions of resin, gum, or wax. Ordinarily when a bud opens, the scales fall off, leaving characteristic markings on the stem (bud scale scars). See also Leaf.

noun

1. A source of further growth and development: embryo, germ, kernel, nucleus, seed, spark. See start/end.
2. A young person between birth and puberty: child, innocent, juvenile, moppet, tot, youngster. Informal kid. Scots bairn. See kin, youth/age/maturity.

noun

A person whom one knows well, likes, and trusts: amigo, brother, chum, confidant, confidante, familiar, friend, intimate, mate, pal. Informal buddy. Slang sidekick. See love/hatred.

Definition: sprout
Antonyms: die, shrink, waste, wither

For more information on bud, visit Britannica.com.

1. To graft a plant by inserting a bud of one plant into the stock of another.
2. An element in a Corinthian capital.

A structure resembling the bud of a plant, especially a protuberance in the embryo from which an organ or part develops.

• end b. — the remnant of the embryonic primitive knot, from which arises the tail and caudal part of the trunk.
• horn b. — bilateral cranial protuberances, destined to develop to a fighting horn or antler stage.
• limb b. — one of the four lateral swellings appearing in vertebrate embryos, which develop into the two pairs of limbs.
• tail b. — 1. the primordium of the caudal appendage.
— 2. end bud.
• taste b's — end organs of the gustatory nerve containing the receptor surfaces for the sense of taste.
• ureteric b. — an outgrowth of the mesonephric duct giving rise to all but the nephrons of the permanent kidney.
• b. of urethra — bulb of urethra.

A young and undeveloped leaf, flower, or shoot, usually covered tightly with scales.

Flower buds have not yet bloomed into a full-size flower.

In botany, a bud is an undeveloped or embryonic shoot and normally occurs in the axil of a leaf or at the tip of the stem. Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a dormant condition, or it may form a shoot immediately.

The buds of many woody plants, especially in temperate or cold climates, are protected by a covering of modified leaves called scales which tightly enclose the more delicate parts of the bud. Many bud scales are covered by a gummy substance which serves as added protection. When the bud develops, the scales may enlarge somewhat but usually just drop off, leaving on the surface of the growing stem a series of horizontally-elongated scars. By means of these scars one can determine the age of any young branch, since each year's growth ends in the formation of a bud, the formation of which produces an additional group of bud scale scars. Continued growth of the branch causes these scars to be obliterated after a few years so that the total age of older branches cannot be determined by this means.

In many plants scales are not formed over the bud, which is then called a naked bud. The minute underdeveloped leaves in such buds are often excessively hairy. Such naked buds are found in shrubs like the Sumac and Viburnums and in herbaceous plants. In many of the latter, buds are even more reduced, often consisting of undifferentiated masses of cells in the axils of leaves. A terminal bud occurs on the end of a stem and lateral buds are found on the side. A head of cabbage (see Brassica) is an exceptionally large terminal bud, while Brussels sprouts are large lateral buds.

Since buds are formed in the axils of leaves, their distribution on the stem is the same as that of leaves. There are alternate, opposite, and whorled buds, as well as the terminal bud at the tip of the stem. In many plants buds appear in unexpected places: these are known as adventitious buds.

Often it is possible to find a bud in a remarkable series of gradations of bud scales. In the buckeye, for example, one may see a complete gradation from the small brown outer scale through larger scales which on unfolding become somewhat green to the inner scales of the bud, which are remarkably leaf-like. Such a series suggests that the scales of the bud are in truth leaves, modified to protect the more delicate parts of the plant during unfavorable periods.

Types of buds

Since buds are short, embryonic stem tips, composed of resting leaves or flowers or both, they can be useful in the identification of plants and are often used for winter identification of woody plants. There are a few commonly used terms applied to buds by botanists:

Accessory - An extra bud produced on ether side of an axillary bud.
Adventitious - Used to describe a bud that develops some place other than a stem node. From roots or crown tissue or rhizomes.
Axillary - When the buds are located in the axil of a leaf.
Dormant - Non growing buds, were growth is delayed due to winter or dry conditions.
Flower bud - A stem tip with embryonic flowers. Magnolia, Cherry.
Lateral - Produced on the sides of the stems instead of at the ends.
Leaf bud - A stem tip containing embryonic leaves.
Mixed bud - Having both embryonic flowers and leaves.
Naked - Not covered by a scaly covering.
Pseudoterminal - Used for lateral buds that take over the function of the terminal buds, Common in persimmon.
Reproductive - Having embryonic flowers.
Scaly - Also called 'covered buds' which have bud scales that cover the embryonic flowers and/or leaves.
Terminal - Buds at the ends of stems.
Vegetative - Buds of embryonic leaves.

Bud scars are also often used for identification too; they are the scars left on stems after the buds have fallen away from the stems.

Within zoology

The term bud (as in budding) is used by analogy within zoology as well, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which develops into a new individual. It is a form of asexual reproduction limited to animals or plants of relatively simple structure. In this process a portion of the wall of the parent cell softens and pushes out. The protuberance thus formed enlarges rapidly while at this time the nucleus of the parent cell divides (see: mitosis, meiosis). One of the resulting nuclei passes into the bud, and then the bud is cut off from its parent cell and the process is repeated. Often the daughter cell will begin to bud before it becomes separated from the parent, so that whole colonies of adhering cells may be formed. Eventually cross walls cut off the bud from the original cell.

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - knop, skud
v. intr. - knoppes, skyde knopper
v. tr. - okulere

2.
n. - kammerat, makker

Nederlands (Dutch)
knop, kiem, onvolgroeid iets, vriend (aanspreekvorm), ontspruiten, oculeren, opbloeien, uitbreiden, kweken

Français (French)
1.
n. - bourgeon, écusson (greffe), bouton (de fleur), (Anat) papille
v. intr. - germer, bourgeonner, se couvrir de bourgeons, former des boutons, (commencer) à poindre ou percer (des cornes), (commencer) à percer (le talent)
v. tr. - germer, greffer (un arbre)

2.
n. - (US) copain, (mon) pote

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Knospe
v. - keimen, knospen, okulieren, äugeln

2.
n. - Bruder

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - μάτι (φυτού), μπουμπούκι, (ανατ.) (γευστικός) κάλυκας
v. - θάλλω, μπουμπουκιάζω, ανθίζω

Italiano (Italian)
germogliare, innestare ad occhio, boccio

idioms:

• nip in the bud    soffocare sul nascere

Português (Portuguese)
n. - botão (m) de flor
v. - florescer

idioms:

• nip in the bud    ir por água abaixo (gír.)

Русский (Russian)
распускаться, цвести, бутон, почка

idioms:

• nip in the bud    подавить в зародыше

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - brote, yema, capullo, pimpollo
v. intr. - brotarse, florecerse
v. tr. - brotar, echar brotes, florecer, injertar

2.
n. - jovencita

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - knopp, öga (på en växt)
v. - knoppas, okulera

中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
1. 芽, 花蕾, 叶芽, 萌芽, 未成熟的事物, 发芽, 抽芽, 啄食嫩芽, 开始生长, 使发芽, 接, 发芽生出

2. 小孩, 少女

中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 芽, 花蕾, 葉芽, 萌芽, 未成熟的事物
v. intr. - 發芽, 抽芽, 啄食嫩芽, 開始生長
v. tr. - 使發芽, 接, 發芽生出

2.
n. - 小孩, 少女

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 싹, 아체, 미숙한 사람
v. intr. - 움트다, 발달의 초기 단계에 있다
v. tr. - ~을 싹을 트게 하다, 자라기 시작하다

2.
n. - 형제, 친구, 여보게

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 芽, つぼみ, 未成熟なもの, 子供
v. - 芽を出す, つぼみを付ける, 発芽する

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) صديق, برعم (فعل) بدأ في النمو, طعم ببراعم‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮ניצן, נבט‬
v. intr. - ‮הוציא ניצנים, הנץ‬
v. tr. - ‮הוציא ניצנים, הנץ‬
n. - ‮ברנש, צורת פנייה לחבר או למכר בצפון אמריקה‬

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