Buryat Republic (bʊryät') or Buryatia (bʊryät'ēə), constituent republic (1990 est. pop. 1,050,000), c.135,600 sq mi (351,200 sq km), SE Siberian Russia, N of Mongolia, extending between Lake Baykal and the Yablonovy Mts. Ulan-Ude is the capital. The republic is mountainous and heavily forested and has rivers and lakes that are rich in fish and that provide hydroelectric power. In the mountains are valuable deposits of coal, iron ore, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, tungsten, nickel, bauxite, and manganese. The chief sectors of the economy are mining, lumbering, and livestock raising. Agriculture, found mainly in the Selenga River valley, is based on spring wheat and fodder crops. There are fisheries and fish-canning plants on Lake Baykal. Fur breeding and trading are important in the north, where nomads also keep reindeer herds. Major manufactures of Buryat include machinery (notably locomotives for the Trans-Siberian RR, which traverses the republic), metal products, pulp, paper, and textiles. The Buryats, former nomads who have largely adopted a sedentary existence, are descended from the Huns, Mongols, Evenki, and Turks. They speak a Mongolian language and generally adhere to Lamaist Buddhism or to Russian Orthodoxy. Buryats constitute about 24% of the republic's population and engage mostly in stock raising. Russians make up a majority (70%) of the population, and there are Evenki, Tuvan, Tatar, and Ukrainian minorities. Russian penetration of the region began in the 1620s and advanced for a century in the face of Buryat resistance until annexation occurred in 1727, followed by intensive Russian colonization. The Buryat-Mongol ASSR was formed in 1923 and retained that name until 1958. The Buryat Republic was a signatory to the Mar. 31, 1992, treaty that created the Russian Federation (see Russia).
Buryat Republic
| 5min Related Video: Buryat Republic |
| Wikipedia: Buryatia |
| Buryat Republic (English) Республика Бурятия (Russian) Буряад Республика (Buryat) |
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| Coordinates: n/a | |
| Coat of Arms | Flag |
 Coat of arms of Buryatia |
 Flag of Buryatia |
| Anthem: National Anthem of the Buryat Republic | |
| Capital | Ulan-Ude |
| Established | May 30, 1923May 21, 1923 |
| Political status | Republic |
| Federal District | Siberian[1] |
| Economic region | East Siberian[2] |
| Area[3] | 351,300 km2 (135,637.7 sq mi) |
| - Rank within Russia | 15th |
| Code ISO 3166-2:RU |
03 RU-BU |
| Population (as of the 2002 Census) | |
| Population[4] | 981,238 inhabitants |
| - Rank within Russia | 56th |
| - Density | 2.8 /km2 (7.3/sq mi) |
| - Urban[4] | 59.6% |
| - Rural[4] | 40.4% |
| Official language(s) | Russian, Buryat[5] |
| Government (as of October 2008) | |
| President[6] | Vyacheslav Nagovitsyn[7] |
| Legislative body | People's Khural[6] |
| Constitution | Constitution of the Buryat Republic |
| Official website | |
| http://egov-buryatia.ru/ | |
Buryatia, officially the Buryat Republic (Russian: Республика Бурятия, Respublika Buryatiya; Buryat: Буряад Республика, Buryaad Respublika), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Its area is slightly over 350,000 km² with a population of almost one million. Its capital is Ulan-Ude.
Contents |
Geography
Buryatia is located in the South-Central region of Siberia along the eastern shore of Lake Baikal.
- Area: 351,300 km²
- Borders:
- internal: Irkutsk Oblast (W/NW/N), Chita Oblast (NE/E/SE/S), Tuva (W)
- international: Mongolia (S/SE)
- water: Lake Baikal (N)
- Highest point: Mount Munku-Sardyk (3,491 m)
Time zone
Buryatia is located in the Irkutsk Time Zone (IRKT/IRKST). UTC offset is +0800 (IRKT)/+0900 (IRKST).
Rivers
Major rivers include:
- Barguzin River
- Irkut River
- Kitoy River
- Oka River
- Selenga River
- Uda River
- Upper Angara River
- Vitim River
Lakes
- Lake Baikal - Buryatia covers sixty percent of the lake's shore line.
- Lake Gusinoye
Mountains
Over 80% of the republic's territory is located in the mountainous region, including the Baikal Mountains on the northern shores of Lake Baikal.
Natural resources
Buryatia's natural resources include gold, tungsten, zinc, uranium and more.
Climate
- Average annual temperature: −1.6 °C (29.1 °F)
- Average January temperature: −22 °C (−7.6 °F)
- Average July temperature: +18 °C (64.4 °F)
- Average annual precipitation: 244 millimeters (9.6 in)
Administrative divisions
Main article: Administrative divisions of Buryatia
Demographics
- Population: 981,238 (2002)
- Urban: 584,970 (59.6%)
- Rural: 396,268 (40.4%)
- Male: 467,984 (47.7%)
- Female: 513,254 (52.3%)
- Females per 1000 males: 1,097
- Average age: 31.6 years
- Urban: 31.2 years
- Rural: 32.2 years
- Male: 29.4 years
- Female: 33.9 years
- Number of households: 322,289 (with 958,402 people)
- Urban: 197,651 (with 566,755 people)
- Rural: 124,638 (with 391,647 people)
- Vital statistics
- Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service]
| Births | Deaths | Birth rate | Death rate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 14,766 | 6,301 | 18.1 | 7.7 |
| 1975 | 17,751 | 7,586 | 20.6 | 8.8 |
| 1980 | 19,859 | 8,734 | 21.6 | 9.5 |
| 1985 | 23,975 | 9,529 | 24.1 | 9.6 |
| 1990 | 19,185 | 9,602 | 18.3 | 9.1 |
| 1991 | 16,868 | 9,753 | 16.0 | 9.3 |
| 1992 | 13,944 | 10,347 | 13.3 | 9.9 |
| 1993 | 11,981 | 12,388 | 11.5 | 11.9 |
| 1994 | 12,327 | 13,650 | 11.9 | 13.1 |
| 1995 | 12,311 | 12,588 | 11.9 | 12.2 |
| 1996 | 12,159 | 12,441 | 11.8 | 12.1 |
| 1997 | 11,555 | 12,111 | 11.3 | 11.8 |
| 1998 | 11,746 | 11,481 | 11.6 | 11.3 |
| 1999 | 11,468 | 13,114 | 11.4 | 13.0 |
| 2000 | 11,654 | 13,155 | 11.6 | 13.1 |
| 2001 | 11,678 | 13,858 | 11.8 | 14.0 |
| 2002 | 12,830 | 14,404 | 13.0 | 14.6 |
| 2003 | 13,177 | 15,056 | 13.5 | 15.4 |
| 2004 | 13,399 | 14,868 | 13.8 | 15.3 |
| 2005 | 13,551 | 15,144 | 14.0 | 15.7 |
| 2006 | 14,193 | 13,930 | 14.8 | 14.5 |
| 2007 | 15,460 | 12,802 | 16.1 | 13.3 |
| 2008 | 16,372 | 12,948 | 17.0 | 13.5 |
- Ethnic groups
According to the 2002 Census, ethnic Russians make up two thirds of the republic's population, while the ethnic Buryats are only 27.8%. Other groups include Ukrainians (1.0%), Tatars (0.8%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
| 1926 census 1 | 1939 census | 1959 census | 1970 census | 1979 census | 1989 census | 2002 census | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buryats | 214,957 (43.8%) | 116,382 (21.3%) | 135,798 (20.2%) | 178,660 (22.0%) | 206,860 (23.0%) | 249,525 (24.0%) | 272,910 (27.8%) |
| Soyots | 161 (0.0%) | 2,739 (0.3%) | |||||
| Russians | 258,796 (52.7%) | 393,057 (72.0%) | 502,568 (74.6%) | 596,960 (73.5%) | 647,785 (72.0%) | 726,165 (69.9%) | 665,512 (67.8%) |
| Ukrainians | 1,982 (0.4%) | 13,392 (2.5%) | 10,183 (1.5%) | 10,769 (1.3%) | 15,290 (1.7%) | 22,868 (2.2%) | 9,585 (1.0%) |
| Tatars | 3,092 (0.6%) | 3,840 (0.7%) | 8,058 (1.2%) | 9,991 (1.2%) | 10,290 (1.1%) | 10,496 (1.0%) | 8,189 (0.8%) |
| Evenks | 2,808 (0.6%) | 1,818 (0.3%) | 1,335 (0.2%) | 1,685 (0.2%) | 1,543 (0.2%) | 1,679 (0.2%) | 2,334 (0.2%) |
| Others | 9,440 (1.9%) | 17,277 (3.2%) | 15,384 (2.3%) | 14,186 (1.7%) | 17,630 (2.0%) | 27,519 (2.7%) | 19,969 (2.0%) |
- In 1926, the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR included Aga Buryatia, Ust-Orda Buryatia and the Olkhon district. These territories were transferred to the Chita and Irkutsk Oblasts in 1937. Consequently, the results of the 1926 census cannot be compared to the results of the censuses of 1939 and later.
Demographics for 2007[1]
| Raion | Births | Deaths | Growth | Pp (2007) | BR | DR | NGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buryatia | 12,337 | 9,833 | 2,504 | 960,000 | 17.13 | 13.66 | 0.35% |
| Ulan-Ude | 4,260 | 3,517 | 743 | 373,300 | 15.22 | 12.56 | 0.27% |
| Bichursky District | 339 | 318 | 21 | 26,900 | 16.80 | 15.76 | 0.10% |
| Dzhidinsky District | 512 | 309 | 203 | 30,800 | 22.16 | 13.38 | 0.88% |
| Yeravninsky District | 244 | 191 | 53 | 18,600 | 17.49 | 13.69 | 0.38% |
| Zaigrayevsky District | 714 | 630 | 84 | 48,700 | 19.55 | 17.25 | 0.23% |
| Zakamensky District | 492 | 322 | 170 | 30,400 | 21.58 | 14.12 | 0.75% |
| Ivolginsky District | 498 | 320 | 178 | 31,000 | 21.42 | 13.76 | 0.77% |
| Kabansky District | 702 | 779 | -77 | 64,400 | 14.53 | 16.13 | -0.16% |
| Kizhinginsky District | 303 | 192 | 111 | 18,700 | 21.60 | 13.69 | 0.79% |
| Kyakhtinsky District | 629 | 393 | 236 | 40,500 | 20.71 | 12.94 | 0.78% |
| Mukhorshibirsky District | 338 | 319 | 19 | 28,000 | 16.10 | 15.19 | 0.09% |
| Pribaykalsky District | 423 | 357 | 66 | 28,900 | 19.52 | 16.47 | 0.30% |
| Selenginsky District | 628 | 522 | 106 | 47,500 | 17.63 | 14.65 | 0.30% |
| Tarbagataysky District | 205 | 216 | -11 | 16,900 | 16.17 | 17.04 | -0.09% |
| Tunkinsky District | 304 | 249 | 55 | 23,000 | 17.62 | 14.43 | 0.32% |
| Khorinsky District | 314 | 222 | 92 | 19,200 | 21.81 | 15.42 | 0.64% |
| Barguzinsky District | 367 | 272 | 95 | 25,600 | 19.11 | 14.17 | 0.49% |
| Bauntovsky Evenkiysky District | 126 | 92 | 34 | 10,500 | 16.00 | 11.68 | 0.43% |
| Kurumkansky District | 232 | 129 | 103 | 15,600 | 19.83 | 11.03 | 0.88% |
| Muysky District | 179 | 112 | 67 | 15,600 | 15.30 | 9.57 | 0.57% |
| Okinsky District | 73 | 37 | 36 | 5,100 | 19.08 | 9.67 | 0.94% |
| Severo-Baykalsky District | 196 | 161 | 35 | 15,200 | 17.19 | 14.12 | 0.31% |
| Severobaykalsk | 259 | 174 | 85 | 25,600 | 13.49 | 9.06 | 0.44% |
History
The area of the modern day Buryatia was first colonized in the 1600s by Russians in search of wealth, furs and gold. In 1923, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created through the union of the Buryat-Mongol and Mongol-Buryat Oblasts. In 1937, Aga Buryatia and Ust-Orda Buryatia were detached from the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR and merged with the Chita and Irkutsk oblasts, respectively. Besides, the Olkhon district was transferred from the Buryat-Mongolina ASSR to the Irkutsk oblast.
Politics
The head of government in Buryatia is the President, who is appointed by the President of Russia for a four-year term. Between 1991-2007, the President was Leonid Vasilyevich Potapov, who was elected on July 1, 1994, re-elected in 1998 (with 63.25% of votes), and then re-elected again on June 23, 2002 (with over 67% of votes). Prior to the elections, Potapov was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic—the highest post at that time.
The Republic's parliament is the People's Khural, popularly elected every four years. The People's Khural has 65 deputies. Alexander Lubsanov is the current Chairman of the People's Khural from 2002.
The Republic's Constitution was adopted on February 22, 1994.
Economy
The republic's economy is composed of important agricultural and commercial products including wheat, vegetables, potatoes, timber, leather, graphite and textiles. Fishing, hunting, fur farming, sheep and cattle farming, mining, stock raising, engineering, and food processing are also important economic generators.
Education
The higher education institutions of the republic include Buryatia State University, Buryat State Academy of Agriculture, East Siberian State Academy of Arts and Culture, and East Siberian State Technological Institute.
Religion
Tibetan Buddhism, Shamanism, and Orthodox Christianity are the most widespread religions in Buryatia.
Tourism
Lake Baikal is a popular tourist destination, especially in summer.
See also
- Buryats
- Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug
- Agin-Buryat Okrug
- Music of Buryatia
- Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
- Buddhism in Russia
References
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 1. Федеральные округа», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 1. Federal Districts, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ a b c Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_04_1.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ Constitution, Article 67
- ^ a b Constitution, Article 5.3
- ^ Official website of the President of the Buryat Republic. Biography of Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Nagovitsyn
Sources
- Верховный Совет Республики Бурятия. 22 февраля 1994 г. «Республика Бурятия. Конституция», в ред. Закона №332-IV от 7 июля 2008 г. (Supreme Council of the Buryat Republic. February 22, 1994 Buryat Republic. Constitution, as amended by the Law #332-IV of July 7, 2008. ).
Further reading
- Leisse, Olaf; Utta-Kristin Leisse (September 2007). "A Siberian Challenge: Dealing with Multiethnicity in the Republic of Buryatia". Nationalities Papers 35 (4): 773–788. doi:.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Buryatia |
- (English) Official website of the Buryat Republic.
- (Russian) Official website of the Buryat Republic.
- (Russian) Buryatia.info - Social web 2.0 site about life in Buryat Republic.
- Official website of the Buryat Republic (in Buryat).
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