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Bytom

 
Dictionary: By·tom   (bē'tôm', bĭ'-) pronunciation
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A city of southwest Poland northwest of Katowice. It became part of Prussia in 1742 and was incorporated into Poland in 1945. Population: 187,000.

 

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Columbia Encyclopedia: Bytom
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Bytom (bĭ'tôm), Ger. Beuthen, city (1994 est. pop. 232,400), Śląskie prov., SW Poland, in the Katowice mining region. An important heavy industrial center, it has iron- and steelworks and the largest silver foundry in Poland. A Polish king built a fortress on the site in the 11th cent., and by the 12th cent. the lead and zinc mines of the region were being exploited. The city was chartered in 1254, and in the late 13th cent. served briefly as the capital of an independent principality that passed under the rule of Bohemia. The Hapsburgs held the city from 1526 until 1742, when it passed to Prussia. In a plebiscite after World War I a majority of the population voted to join Poland, but Germany held onto the city. It was finally incorporated into Poland in 1945. Bytom has an opera house and museum.

Dialing Code: The telephone dialing code for: Bytom, Poland
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The country code is: 48
The city code is: 32

Wikipedia: Bytom
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Bytom
Main Square

Flag
Coat of arms
Bytom is located in Poland
Bytom
Coordinates: 50°23′N 18°54′E / 50.383°N 18.9°E / 50.383; 18.9
Country  Poland
Voivodeship Slaskie flag.svg Silesian
County city county
Established 12th century
Town rights 1254
Government
 - Mayor Piotr Koj (Platforma Obywatelska)
Area
 - City 69.44 km2 (26.8 sq mi)
Highest elevation 330 m (1,083 ft)
Lowest elevation 249 m (817 ft)
Population (2008)
 - City 184,765
 - Density 2,660.8/km2 (6,891.4/sq mi)
 - Urban 2,746,000
 - Metro 5,294,000
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 - Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 41-900 to 41-936
Area code(s) +48 32
Car plates SY
Website http://www.um.bytom.pl

Bytom [ˈbɨtɔm] (Ltspkr.png listen) (German: Beuthen) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The central-western district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Bytom is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Bytomka river (tributary of the Kłodnica).

The city belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously it was in Katowice Voivodeship. Bytom is one of the cities of the 2,7 million conurbation - Katowice urban area and within a greater Silesian metropolitan area populated by about 5,294,000 people[1]. The population of the city is 184,765 (2008)[2].

Contents

Coat of arms

One half of the coat of arms of Bytom depicts a miner mining coal, while the other half presents a yellow eagle on the blue field - the symbol of Upper Silesia.

History

Bytom is one of the oldest cities of Upper Silesia, having been known as Bitom in 1136 and Beuthen since 1440. It received city rights from prince Władysław in 1254 with its first centrally located market square. The city of Bytom benefited economically from its location on a trade route linking Kraków with Silesia from east to west, and Hungary with Moravia and Greater Poland from north to south. The first Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary was built in 1231. In 1259 Bytom was raided by the Mongols. The Duchy of Opole was split and in 1281 Bitom became a separate duchy, since 1289 under overlordship and administration by the Kingdom of Bohemia. Due to German settlers coming to the area, the city was Germanized. It came under control of the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria in 1526, which increased the influence of the German language. The city became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1742 during the Silesian Wars and part of the German Empire in 1871. In the 19th and the first part of the 20th centuries, the city rapidly grew and industrialized. During World War II, the Beuthen Jewish community was liquidated via the first ever Holocaust transport to be exterminated at Auschwitz-Birkenau.

In 1945 the city was transferred to Poland as a result of the Potsdam Conference. Its German population was largely expelled by the Polish and Soviet armies, and populated with repatriated Poles from the eastern provinces annexed by the Soviets, however some indigenous Silesian population remained.

In the post-war period the city did not experience significant investments. Bytom is now a typical Polish post-industrial city. The majority of its coal mines are now closed, while its steel mills are slowly fading. The city is struggling to transform its economic profile from industry to services. Bytom cooperates with two cities with more or less the same problems: Recklinghausen in Germany, and Butte-Silver Bow, United States. The city has a considerable unemployment rate which is centered in the poorest part of the city, the Bobrek subdivision.

Economy

Trade is one of main pillars of the economy of Bytom. Being the city with long traditions of commercial trade, Bytom is well fulfilling its new postindustrial role. In the centre of Bytom, and mainly around the Station street and the Market Square, there is the biggest concentration of registered shop owners operating in the county. In spring of 2010, 60 metres from the Market Square - on a new square between the square of Kościuszko and Jainty, Piekarska and Dzieci Lwowskich streets - a new commercial and entertainment centre called "Agora" is scheduled to open, built by the Scandinavian company Braaten&Pedersen. Once completed, it will be purchased for the 263 million zloty by the British company First Property Group. Moreover, 3 new shopping centres and 3 hypermarkets operate in Bytom already.

In 2007, Bytom and its neighbours created the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union, the largest urban center in Poland.

Panorama Rynku Bytom.jpg
Panorama of the market square in Bytom

Culture

The list of Bytom's cultural venues includes:

Silesian Opera

Among the Bytom's art galleries are: Galeria Sztuki Użytkowej Stalowe Anioły, Galeria "Rotunda" MBP, Galeria "Suplement", Galeria "Pod Czaplą", Galeria "Platforma", Galeria "Pod Szrtychem", Galeria Sztuki "Od Nowa 2", Galeria SPAP "Plastyka" - Galeria "Kolor", Galeria "Stowarzyszenia.Rewolucja.Art.Pl", and Galeria-herbaciarnia "Fanaberia".

Festivals

  • Annual International Contemporary Dance Conference and Performance Festival

Education

  • The list of Bytom universities includes:
  • Secondary schools:
    • I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jana Smolenia
    • IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Bolesława Chrobrego
    • 21 other secondary schools

The Confederation of Silesia

Bytom is a place where The Confederation of Silesia - Polish Bonapartists origins.

Politics

Bytom/Gliwice/Zabrze constituency

Members of 2001-2005 Parliament (Sejm) elected from Bytom/Gliwice/Zabrze constituency

  • Jan Chojnacki, SLD-UP
  • Stanisław Dulias, Samoobrona
  • Andrzej Gałażewski, PO
  • Ewa Janik, SLD-UP
  • Józef Kubica, SLD-UP
  • Wacław Martyniuk, SLD-UP
  • Wiesław Okoński, SLD-UP
  • Wojciech Szarama, PiS
  • Krystyna Szumilas, PO
  • Marek Widuch, SLD-UP

Notable people

References

  1. ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network (ESPON) [1]
  2. ^ Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2008 - Central Statistical Office in Poland ISSN 1505-5507 , 13.08.2008

External links

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Counties of Silesian Voivodeship
City counties Coat of arms of Silesian Voivodeship
Land counties

Coordinates: 50°23′N 18°54′E / 50.383°N 18.9°E / 50.383; 18.9


This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

 
 
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Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki (music)
Henryk Rodakowski (art)
Wladyslaw Slewinski (art)

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