Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (Kannada: ಕಲ್ಯಾಂಪುದಿ ರಾಧಾಕೃಷ್ಣ ರಾಯ) FRS (born September 10, 1920) is a world-renowned Indian born statistician, National Medal of Science Awardee, and currently Professor emeritus at Penn State University and Research Professor at the University at Buffalo. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest statisticians of all time along with Deming and Fisher ^[1]. The Times of India chose C.R. Rao as one of the top 10 Indian Scientists of all time; the list includes esteemed scientists such as S.N. Bose, S. Ramanujan, and G.N. Ramachandran. He was born in Hadagali, in the state of Karnataka, India to a prominent Velama Family.

Academic career

He received an M.S. degree in mathematics from Andhra University and an M.S. degree in statistics from Calcutta University in 1943.

Rao worked at the Indian Statistical Institute and the Anthropological Museum in Cambridge before acquiring a Ph.D. degree at King's College in Cambridge University under R.A. Fisher in 1948, to which he added a Sc.D. degree, also from Cambridge, in 1965. Up to date he has received over 30 Honorary Doctoral degrees from universities in 17 countries around the world. He held several important positions, as the Director of the Indian Statistical Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Professor and National Professor in India, University Professor at the University of Pittsburgh and Eberly Professor and Chair of Statistics and Director of the Center for Multivariate Analysis at the Pennsylvania State University. As Head and later Director of the Research and Training School at the Indian Statistical Institute for a period of over 40 years, Rao developed research and training programs and produced several leaders in the field of Mathematics. On the basis of Dr. Rao's recommendation, the ASI (The Asian Statistical Institute) now know as Statistical Institute for Asia and Pacific was established in Tokyo to provide training to statisticians working in government and industrial organizations. ^[2]

Among his best-known discoveries are the Cramér-Rao bound and the Rao-Blackwell theorem both related to the quality of estimators. Other areas he worked in include multivariate analysis, estimation and differential geometry. He other contributions include the Fisher-Rao Theorem, Rao distance, and orthogonal arrays (described by Forbes Magazine as "new manthra" for industries). He is the author of 14 books and has published over 400 journal publications. Two of his papers appear in Breakthroughs in Statistics in the last century.

Rao is a Samuel S. Wilks and Mahalanobis medalist; a member of eight National Academies in India, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Italy; he has received dozens of medals, citations, awards, and other honors for his contributions to statistics and science. Rao was awarded the United States National Medal of Science, that nation's highest award for lifetime achievement in fields of scientific research, in June 2002.

He has been the President of the International Statistical Institute, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, USA and the International Biometric Society. He was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the National Institution for Quality and Reliability, Chennai Branch, for his contribution to industrial statistics and the promotion of quality control programs in industries.

His areas of research contributions

• Estimation theory
• Statistical inference and linear models
• Multivariate analysis
• Combinatorial design
• Biometry
• Statistical genetics
• Generalized matrix inverses
• Functional equations

Awards & Medals

• Government of India awarded him Padma Vibhushan.
• President George W. Bush, on June 12, 2002, decorated him with the National Medal of Science as a "prophet of new age with the citation, for his pioneering contributions to the foundations of statistical theory and multivariate statistical methodology and their applications, enriching the physical biological, mathematical, economic and engineering sciences."
• Gold Medal of Calcutta University
• Megnadh Saha Medal and Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal of the Indian National Science Academy
• J.C. Bose Gold Medal of Bose Institute and Mahalanobis Centenary Gold Medal of the Indian Science Congress.
• Bhatnagar award of CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) in India.
• International Mahalanobis Prize for lifetime achievement in statistics and the promotion of best statistical practice.
• Wilks Memorial Award of the American Statistical Association
• Guy Medal in Silver of the Royal Statistical Society
• Meghnad Saha Medal of the Indian National Science Academy
• S. S. Bhatnagar Award
• JC Bose Gold Medal of Bose Institute, and
• Mahalanobis Centenary Gold Medal of the Indian Science Congress.

In his honor

• The Pennsylvania State University has established C. R. and Bhargavi Rao Prize in statistics,
• CR Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science

References

• UMN
• Amstat

External links

• C. R. Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, India
• Prof. Rao's page at Penn State
• ET Interviews: Professor C. R. Rao on the Econometric Theory page.
• Royal Society citation 1967
• Rao was awarded the Samuel S. Wilks Award in 1989
• C.R. Rao at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
• Adviser for National Award Winning Student Paper: http://www.amstat.org/education/posterprojects/2003competition/index.cfm

For the Cramér-Rao inequality and the Rao-Blackwell theorem see the relevant entries on

• Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics

Photograph of Rao with Harald Cramér in 1978

• C. R. Rao from the PORTRAITS OF STATISTICIANS
• George Bush awarding Rao the National Medal of Science