Calanoida

(invertebrate zoology) A suborder of the crustacean order Copepoda, including the larger and more abundant of the pelagic species.

An order of Copepoda that includes the larger and more abundant of the pelagic species. Some authorities consider the Calanoida an order of the subclass Copepoda. In the food cycles of the sea these copepods are the most important group of marine animals because of their overwhelming numbers, ubiquitous distribution, and position at the base of the animal food chain. See also Copepoda.

The anterior part of the body is cylindrical with five or six segments, and much broader than the posterior part. The first antennae are not for locomotion, but are stabilizers and sinking retarders, and also have an olfactory function. The second antennae and mandibular palps are biramous and create water currents for feeding and slow movement. The five pairs of swimming legs are biramous, but the last pair is sometimes reduced or absent in the female, and the male's right fifth leg may be modified for grasping the female (see illustration).

Diaptomus. (a) Lateral view of male. (b) Dorsal view of female.

Nearly all calanoids are planktonic and, as a group, occur in all parts of the oceans from the surface to abyssal depths. The geographic and bathymetric ranges of many species are, however, restricted by the nature of water currents and the chemical and physical conditions of the water. In their southernmost range the northern species are found at greater depths.

Calanoida
Diaptomus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea Class: Maxillopoda Subclass: Copepoda Superorder: Gymnoplea Giesbrecht, 1882 [1] Order: Calanoida Sars, 1903
Families
See text

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Calanoida is an order of copepods, a kind of zooplankton. They include 43 families with about 2000 species of both marine and freshwater copepods ^[2]. Calanoid copepods are important in many food webs, taking in energy from phytoplankton and algae and 'repackaging' it for consumption by higher trophic level predators like birds, fishes and mammals. Many commercial fishes are dependent on calanoid copepods for diet in either their larval or adult forms. Baleen whales such as the bowhead whale eat copepods of the genera Calanus and Neocalanus, as do planktivorous seabirds like Crested Auklets, Least Auklets and Dovekies.

Calanoids can be distinguished from other planktonic copepods by having first antennae at least half the length of the body and biramous second antennae. Their key defining feature anatomically, however, is the presence of a joint between the fifth and sixth body segments.^[3]

Classification

Calanoida contains the following families, and the genus Microdisseta, incertae sedis.

Acartiidae Aetideidae Arctokonstantinidae Arietellidae Augaptilidae Bathypontiidae Boholinidae Calanidae Calocalanidae Candaciidae Centropagidae Clausocalanidae Diaixidae Diaptomidae Discoidae Epacteriscidae

Eucalanidae Euchaetidae Fosshageniidae Heterorhabdidae Hyperbionychidae Lucicutiidae Mecynoceridae Megacalanidae Mesaiokeratidae Metridinidae Nullosetigeridae Paracalanidae Parapontellidae Parkiidae Phaennidae Phyllopodidae

Pontellidae Pseudocyclopidae Pseudocyclopiidae Pseudodiaptomidae Ridgewayiidae Ryocalanidae Scolecitrichidae Spinocalanidae Stephidae Subeucalanidae Sulcanidae Temoridae Tharybidae Tortanidae

References

1. ^ J. W. Martin & G. E. Davis (2001) (PDF). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. p. 132 pp. http://www.nhm.org/research/publications/CrustaceaClassification.pdf. 
2. ^ D. Boltovskoy, M. J. Gibbons, L. Hutchings & D. Binet (1999). "General biological features of the South Atlantic". in D. Boltovskoy. Zooplankton of the South Atlantic. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 
3. ^ Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 692. ISBN 0-03-056747-5. 

External links

• Calanoida fact sheet - Guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern Australia
• Classification of Calanoida
• Key to calanoid copepod families

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