Calvary is taken from the Latin Vulgate translation of Calvaria, which is what Golgotha (from the Scriptures) is translated as.

Calvary, called Golgotha in Hebrew, is the spot outside of ancient Jerusalem where Christ was crucified. No one knows the actual site, but tradition places it where the Church of the Holy Sepulchre now stands.

Calvary was just outside the old city of Jerusalem. The site is currently inside the country of Israel. At the time of the Crucifixion, it was in the Roman territory of Judea.

Pierre Barbet has written:

'A doctor at Calvary' -- subject(s): Crucifixion, Passion, Holy Shroud

'The Napoleons of Eridanus'

'Baphomet's meteor'

'Doctor at Calvary (Doubleday Image Book)'

'A doctor at Calvary' -- subject(s): Accessible book, Crucifixion, Passion, Holy Shroud

'The Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ'

'Baphomet's Meteor (Daw UQ1035)'

'Emperor of Eridanus'

Jesus was crucified on Calvary, Judea (also known as Golgotha). Answer 10/April/09 The crucifixion would have taken place outside of the city walls, as execution within the city would have defiled Jerusalem in the eyes of the people.
The crucifixion of Jesus took place on Mount Cavalry, just outside Jerusalem.