Dictionary:

distemper¹

  (dĭs-tĕm'pər)

1. 1. An infectious viral disease occurring in dogs, characterized by loss of appetite, a catarrhal discharge from the eyes and nose, vomiting, fever, lethargy, partial paralysis caused by destruction of myelinated nerve tissue, and sometimes death. Also called canine distemper.
   2. A similar viral disease of cats characterized by fever, vomiting, diarrhea leading to dehydration, and sometimes death. Also called feline distemper, panleukopenia.
   3. Any of various similar mammalian diseases.
2. An illness or disease; an ailment: “He died . . . of a broken heart, a distemper which kills many more than is generally imagined” (Henry Fielding).
3. Ill humor; testiness.
4. Disorder or disturbance, especially of a social or political nature.

1. To put out of order.
2. Archaic. To unsettle; derange.

[From Middle English distemperen, to upset the balance of the humors, from Old French destemprer, to disturb, from Late Latin distemperāre : Latin dis-, dis- + Latin temperāre, to mix properly.]

1. 1. A process of painting in which pigments are mixed with water and a glue-size or casein binder, used for flat wall decoration or scenic and poster painting.
   2. The paint used in this process.
2. A painting made by this process.

1. To mix (powdered pigments or colors) with water and size.
2. To paint (a work) in distemper.

[Middle English distemperen, to dilute. See distemper¹.]

A fatal viral disease of dogs and other carnivores, with a worldwide distribution. Canine distemper virus has a wide host range; most terrestrial carnivores are susceptible to natural canine distemper virus infection. All animals in the families Canidae (such as dog, dingo, fox, coyote, wolf, jackal), Mustelidae (such as weasel, ferret, mink, skunk, badger, stoat, marten, otter), and Procyonidae (such as kinkajou, coati, bassariscus, raccoon, panda) may succumb to canine distemper virus infection. Members of other Carnivora families, including domestic cats and swine, may become subclinically infected. The virus has also been isolated from large cats (lions, tigers, leopards) that have died in zoological parks in North America, from wild lions in the Serengeti National Park (Tanzania), and from wild javelinas (collared peccaries). See also Carnivora.

Canine distemper virus is classified as a morbillivirus within the Paramyxoviridae family, closely related to measles virus and rinderpest virus of cattle and the phocine (seal) and dolphin distemper virus. The virus is enveloped with a negative-sense ribonucleic acid and consists of six structural proteins: the nucleoprotein and two enzymes in the nucleocapsid, the membrane protein on the inside, and the hemagglutinating and fusion proteins on the outside of the lipoprotein envelope. See also Animal virus; Paramyxovirus.

Canine distemper is enzootic worldwide. Aerosol transmission in respiratory secretions is the main route of transmission. Virus shedding begins approximately 7 days after the initial infection. Acutely infected dogs and other carnivores shed virus in all body excretions, regardless of whether they show clinical signs or not.

Great variations occur in the duration and severity of canine distemper, which may range from no visible signs to severe disease, often with central nervous system involvement, with approximately 50% mortality in dogs. The first fever 3–6 days after infection may pass unnoticed; the second peak (several days later and intermittent thereafter) is usually associated with nasal and ocular discharge, depression, and anorexia. A low lymphocyte count is always present during the early stages of infection. Gastrointestinal and respiratory signs may follow, often enhanced by secondary infection.

A specific antiviral drug having an effect on canine distemper virus in dogs is not presently available. Treatment of canine distemper, therefore, is nonspecific and supportive. Antibiotic therapy is recommended because of the common occurrence of secondary bacterial infections of the respiratory and alimentary tracts. Administration of fluids and electrolytes may be the most important therapy for canine distemper because diseased dogs with diarrhea are often dehydrated.

For more information on distemper, visit Britannica.com.

A paint containing earth pigments, calcium carbonate, tinting colors, glue size, or casein, mixed with water; tempera.

A name for several infectious diseases of animals.

• avian d. — see newcastle disease.
• canine d. — an acute virus disease of dogs caused by a morbillivirus, and characterized by high morbidity and high mortality, ocular and nasal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, dyspnea and seizures. In addition, some dogs develop ‘hard pads’ (hyperkeratosis of the footpads), persistent muscle twitches (chorea), optic neuritis and later retinal atrophy, enamel hypoplasia (distemper teeth—see below), or a chronic encephalitis. Interstitial pneumonia and demyelinating encephalomyelitis are common pathological features. Also occurs in other Canidae as well as Procyonidae, Ursidae, Mustelidae and Hyaenidae. The disease can be prevented by vaccination at a young age. Called also Carré's disease.
• equine d. — see strangles.
• feline d. — see feline panleukopenia.
• phocine d. — a disease first observed in European harbor seals in 1988 caused by a morbillivirus; clinical signs are similar to those of distemper.
• d. teeth — the pitted, discolored teeth that may result when young dogs are infected with distemper virus prior to the eruption of their permanent teeth. Other insults to enamel formation at this age may also be responsible for this defect.

  Distemper teeth.

? Canine distemper virus
Virus classification
Group: Group V ((-)ssRNA) Order: Mononegavirales Family: Paramyxoviridae Genus: Morbillivirus Species: Canine distemper virus

Canine distemper is a viral disease affecting animals in the families Canidae, Mustelidae, Mephitidae, Procyonidae, Pinnipedia and possibly Felidae (though not domestic cats; feline distemper or panleukopenia is a virus exclusive to cats). The origin of the word distemper is from the Middle English distemperen, meaning to upset the balance of the humors, which is from the Old French destemprer, meaning to disturb, which is from the Vulgar Latin distemperare: Latin dis- and Latin temperare, meaning to not mix properly.^[1]

Infection

A. Lung lesion in an African Wild Dog B. Viral inclusion bodies

Dogs from four months to four years old are particularly susceptible. Canine distemper virus (CDV) spreads through the air and through contact with infected bodily fluids, including food and water contaminated with these fluids.^[2] The time between infection and disease is 14 to 18 days, although there can be a fever from three to six days postinfection.^[3]

Canine distemper virus has a tropism for lymphoid, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Therefore, the typical pathologic features of canine distemper include lymphoid depletion (causing immunosuppression and leading to secondary infections), interstitial pneumonia, encephalitis with demyelination, and hyperkeratosis of foot pads . Histologic examination reveals intranuclear and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in numerous tissues.

Symptoms

• Dullness and redness of the eye
• Discharge from nose
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Cough
• Shivering
• Fever
• Loss of appetite and energy
• Weight loss
• Seizures
• Thickened footpads^[4]
• Tooth enamel hypoplasia^[3]

Diagnosis

The above symptoms, especially fever, respiratory signs, neurological signs, and thickened footpads found in unvaccinated dogs strongly indicate canine distemper. Finding the virus by various methods in the dog's conjunctival cells gives a definitive diagnosis.

Treatment and prevention

There is no specific treatment for canine distemper. The dog should be treated by a veterinarian, usually with antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections, intravenous fluids, and nutritional supplements. The prognosis is poor.

There exist a number of vaccines against canine distemper for dogs and domestic ferrets, which in many jurisdictions are mandatory for pets. The type of vaccine should be approved for the type of animal being inoculated, or else the animal could actually contract the disease from the vaccine. Animals should be quarantined if infected. The virus is destroyed in the environment by routine cleaning with disinfectants, detergents, or drying. It does not survive in the environment for more than a few hours at room temperature (20-25 °C), but can survive for a few weeks at temperatures slightly above freezing.^[5]

References

1. ^ distemper. American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. Bartleby.com (2000). Retrieved on 2007-05-13.
2. ^ Carter, G.R.; Flores, E.F.; Wise, D.J. (2006). Paramyxoviridae. A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology. Retrieved on 2006-06-24.
3. ^ ^{a b} Appel, M.J.G.; Summers, B.A. (1999). Canine Distemper: Current Status. Recent Advances in Canine Infectious Diseases. Retrieved on 2006-06-24.
4. ^ Ettinger, Stephen J.;Feldman, Edward C. (1995). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 4th ed., W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-6795-3. 
5. ^ Information sheet: Canine distemper virus. UC Davis Koret Shelter Medicine Program. Retrieved on 2006-09-26.

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Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - limfarve, limfarveteknik
v. tr. - limfarve

2.
n. - hundesyge, smitsom snue, politisk uro
v. tr. - bringe forstyrrelse i

Nederlands (Dutch)
soort muurverf, bepaalde dierenziekte, politieke wanorde, kalken, met tempera schilderen

Français (French)
1.
n. - (Vét) maladie des jeunes chiens ou de Carré, angine (des chevaux), (Psych) déséquilibre mental
v. tr. - (Vét) être atteint de la maladie de Carré, déranger (physiquement ou mentalement) (arch)

2.
n. - (Art) peinture à la détrempe
v. tr. - peindre à la détrempe

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Staupe, politische Unruhen
v. - krank machen, verstimmen

2.
n. - Temperafarbe/ -malerei
v. - mit Temperafarbe bemalen

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - κοινωνική ή πολιτική αναταραχή, (μέθοδος ζωγραφικής με) τέμπερα ή υδρόχρωμα, μόρβα (ασθένεια σκύλων)
v. - επιχρίω με τέμπερα

Italiano (Italian)
tumulto, indisposizione, cimurro, indisporre

Português (Portuguese)
n. - destempero (m), perturbação (f)
v. - destemperar, pintar à têmpera

Русский (Russian)
хандра, чума собак

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - mal genio, desorden político, virus que ataca a animales, esp. perros y gatos, moquillo
v. tr. - poner de mal humor, perturbar

2.
n. - pintura al temple
v. tr. - pintar al temple

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - limfärg
v. - måla med limfärg

中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
1. 温热, 病, 犬瘟热, 失调, 使精神紊乱, 使发脾气, 使生病, 扰乱

2. 胶画颜料, 胶画, 胶画法, 刷墙水粉, 调制, 用胶画颜料画

中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
1.
n. - 溫熱, 病, 犬瘟熱, 失調
v. tr. - 使精神紊亂, 使發脾氣, 使生病, 擾亂

2.
n. - 膠畫顏料, 膠畫, 膠畫法, 刷牆水粉
v. tr. - 調製, 用膠畫顏料畫

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - (병의 일종) 디스템퍼, 기분 나쁨, 소란
v. tr. - 병적으로 되게 하다, 나빠지다

2.
n. - 수성 도료, 디스템퍼 화법
v. tr. - 디스템퍼를 칠하다[그리다], 수성 도료를 칠하다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - ジステンパー, 泥絵の具, 泥絵の具画法
v. - 泥絵の具で描く

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) دهان ممزوج بالماء والغراء يستعمل لدهن الجدران, مرض سل الحيوانات وبخاصه الكلاب يسبب السعال والضعف, سو المزاج (فعل) يمزج الدهان بالما والغرا أو يدهن بها, يفسد النظام, يوقع الاختلال‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮סיד, צבע (לקיר), צבע (קירות), סייד‬
v. tr. - ‮צבע (קירות), סייד‬
n. - ‮מחלה (בכלבים)‬
v. tr. - ‮הפריע, שיגע‬

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