• Born: 4 March 1745
• Birthplace: Warka-Winiary, Poland
• Died: 15 October 1779
• Best Known As: Polish general of the Revolutionary War

Casimir Pulaski was a Polish military officer who fought on the side of the American colonists against the British in the Revolutionary War. The "father of the American cavalry," he was mortally wounded during the 1779 siege of Savannah, Georgia. Pulaski was known throughout Europe for his savvy strategies against Russian invaders, particularly in Berdichev (1768) and Czestochowa (1770). When Poland was partitioned by Prussians and Austrians, Pulaski fled to Paris, where he met Benjamin Franklin (1776). Enlisted to help the American colonists fight the British, Pulaski arrived in Philadelphia in 1777 with a letter of introduction from Franklin to George Washington. Within six months Pulaski had shown his mettle on battlefields at Brandywine and Germantown. He was promoted to brigadier general and named chief of the cavalry; he resigned six months later because of friction with fellow soldiers, and went on to form a cavalry and infantry unit that was known as Pulaski's Legion. Sent to the south, he fought at Charleston and then at the siege of Savannah (23 September - 18 October), where he was wounded by grapeshot on 9 October 1770. He was sent to Charleston aboard the brigantine Wasp, but he died 15 October and was buried at Greenwich Plantation, Georgia. He was exhumed in 1853 and his remains were placed in the cornerstone of the Pulaski Monument in Savannah. Restoration on the monument in 1996 led to another exhumation. DNA tests on the remains concluded that they were, indeed, most likely Pulaski's.

Early biographies have Pulaski's birthdate as March 1747, but recent discoveries of Warka baptism records have revised it... For many years it was thought that Pulaski died 11 October 1779 aboard the Wasp and was buried at sea... In the U.S. 11 October is traditionally proclaimed General Pulaski Memorial Day by the president.

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Pulaski, Casimir pǝˈlæskē (1748-79) Revolutionary War army officer. Having failed in attempts to block foreign depredations in his native Poland, Pulaski fled first to Turkey, then to Paris, where Benjamin Franklin provided him with a letter of introduction to George Washington and encouraged him to sail for America. Pulaski joined up with Washington and immediately proved his worth; he discovered that British troops were endeavoring to surround Washington's army, allowing Washington to take steps to avert that undesirable occurrence. Washington had him promoted to brigadier general and placed him in charge of cavalry. Because of personal tension between him and his superior, Gen. Anthony Wayne, Pulaski resigned his commission and asked permission to form an independent corps of lancers and light infantrymen. This corps became known as “Pulaski's Legion.” For the rest of the war, Pulaski served ably, although he continued to feel that his services were not adequately appreciated by the colonials.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

Casimir Pulaski (1747-1779), Polish patriot and American Revolutionary War hero, fought unsuccessfully against foreign control of his native Poland and then journeyed to America to fight in the American Revolution.

Born in Podolia, Casimir Pulaski was the eldest son of Count Joseph Pulaski. After brief service in the guard of Duke Charles of Courland (now a part of Latvia), Pulaski returned home to Poland. In 1768 he joined forces with the Confederation of Bar, a movement founded by his father, in a revolt against Russian domination of Poland. The confederation, however, proved to be too small to be victorious and was decisively defeated. Pulaski's estates having been confiscated, in 1772 at the time of the first partition of Poland he fled to Turkey. Here he remained for several years in a vain attempt to provoke the Turks into an attack on Russia. Finally, penniless and destitute, he left for Paris to seek other employment.

In the spring of 1775, as the American Revolution was beginning, the American commissioners to France gave Pulaski money to make the voyage to Boston. He arrived there armed with a letter of introduction to Gen. George Washington. Shortly after a meeting with Washington in August of that same year, Pulaski became a volunteer member of the general's staff. Distinguishing himself at the Battle of the Brandywine in September, he was consequently given command of a newly created cavalry troop in Washington's army. During the winter of 1777 he and his men served at Trenton, at Flemington, and at Valley Forge, where Pulaski shared responsibility with Gen. Anthony Wayne for the provisioning of the starving Americans. But difficulties with Wayne and some of the junior officers caused Pulaski to resign his command in March 1778.

As a result, later that same month the Continental Congress, on the advice of Washington, authorized Pulaski to raise an independent cavalry corp in the Baltimore, Md., area. Anxious for an active command, he was sent to Egg Harbor, N.J., to protect supplies there but was badly mauled by a surprise British attack on Oct. 15, 1778. He was next dispatched to defend Minisink on the Delaware River from further attacks by Native Americans. The command was too tame for Pulaski's liking, however, and 3 months later he obtained orders to join in the siege of Charleston. He reached that city on May 8 and promptly directed a headlong attack on advancing British forces. Badly defeated there, Pulaski sought vainly to redeem himself. Five months later while leading another heroic charge, this time during the siege of Savannah, he was mortally wounded. He died on board the American ship Wasp, probably on Oct. 11, 1779.

Further Reading

Two biographical studies in English of Pulaski are Clarence A. Manning, Soldier of Liberty (1945), and Wladyslaw Konopczynski, Casimir Pulaski (trans. 1947).

Additional Sources

Jamro, R. D., Pulaski, a portrait of freedom, S.l.: s.n., 1981?.

Kopczewski, Jan Stanisaw, Casimir Pulaski, Warsaw: Interpress, 1980.

Szymanski, Leszek, Casimir Pulaski: a hero of the American Revolution, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1994.

Szymanski, Leszek, Kazimierz Pulaski in America: a monograph, 1777-1779, San Bernardino, Calif.: Borgo Press, 1986, 1979.

(kă'sĭmēr pəlăs'kē) , Pol. Kazimierz Pułaski (käzē'myĕsh pūlä'skē), c.1748–1779, Polish patriot and military commander in the American Revolution. Born in Podolia of a noble family, he participated with his father in forming (1768) the Confederation of Bar to oppose Russian influence in Poland. In the unsuccessful rebellion against the Russian-dominated king of Poland, Stanislaus II, he gained military fame. After the Confederation was suppressed by Russian troops, he escaped (1772) to Prussia and later to France. There he met Benjamin Franklin, who gave him a letter of recommendation to George Washington. Joining the Revolutionary cause in 1777, he served at Brandywine and Germantown. In 1778 he resigned a cavalry command rather than continue in service under Gen. Anthony Wayne, and he organized his own cavalry unit, the Pulaski Legion, which saw a great deal of service before Pulaski was mortally wounded while leading a cavalry charge in the attack on Savannah.

Bibliography

See biography by D. J. Abodaher (1969).