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Benjamin Lindley has written:

'Cerinthus and Ebion'

'The shiboleth of priest-hood' -- subject(s): Clergy, Early works to 1800

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Benjamin Lindley has written:

'Cerinthus and Ebion'

'The shiboleth of priest-hood' -- subject(s): Clergy, Early works to 1800

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As a Christian prophecy, the Book of Revelation deals with whatever you want it to deal with. Scholars would say that the book is of little value either historically or theologically.

The early Church Fathers had such a low opinion of the value of Revelation that the second century Roman teacher, Gaius, called it "heretical" and claimed that it was written by John's worst enemy, Cerinthus. Eusebius (260-340 CE) listed the books considered for inclusion in the New Testament, saying that Revelation was "spurious".

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The fourth gospel was attributed to the disciple John, late in the second century CE, and has since been known as the Gospel According to Saint John, or more commonly as John's Gospel. It appears to have been written quite a few decades after the crucifixion of Jesus, thus suiting the notion of being written by a disciple who would not die.

However, the gospel is clearly derivative and therefore is now considered not to have been written by an eyewitness to the events described. The second century Roman teacher, Gaius, called the Gospel of John "heretical" and claimed that it was written by John's worst enemy, Cerinthus.

Many scholars are now convinced that the Gospel of John emerged from an intense debate over who Jesus was, with its purpose to defend certain views and oppose others. The gospel appears to have been written in layers, by anonymous authors from a Christian sect now known as the "Johannine Community".

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Like all the New Testament gospels, the Gospel of John was written anonymously.

Exactly when John came to be associated with the Gospel is not known. The earliest attestation that these were regarded as having been written by 'John' is found in lrenaeus' Against Heresies, dated about 180 CE. This was the only gospel that mentioned a "disciple whom Jesus loved", and some Church Fathers, in examining the text to establish the disciple's identity, felt that they could rule out all the disciples that the gospel mentioned, except John. A brief sentence in John 21:24 then led to the conclusion that the author of the book was actually the "disciple whom Jesus loved", and therefore John.

The Gospel was popular in gnostic circles and may originally have been a gnostic gospel. It was first attributed to Cerinthus, the founder of a gnostic sect.

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All we know about the Book of Revelation is that it is signed by 'John', who wrote from the island of Patmos. At some point, the Revelation to John of Patmos was associated with the John's Gospel solely because of the common name. Later still, Christian traditions arose as to how the Apostle John must have found his way to Patmos in order to write the book from there.

Because of the association with the Apostle John, Revelation was preserved for posterity and given the status of an apostolic writing. Even so, there were doctors of the church who questioned its authenticity and complained about its theology.

The second century Roman teacher, Gaius, called Revelation "heretical" and claimed that it was written by John's worst enemy, Cerinthus. The Church Father, Eusebius, called the Book of Revelation 'spurious'.

There were not only serious doubts in the early Church as to the authenticity of Revelation, but we now know from analysis of the text that it was not written by the Apostle John at all.

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