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chaff

 
Dictionary: chaff1   (chăf) pronunciation
n.
  1. Botany. Thin dry bracts or scales, especially:
    1. The dry bracts enclosing mature grains of wheat and some other cereal grasses, removed during threshing.
    2. The scales or bracts borne on the receptacle among the small individual flowers of many plants in the composite family.
  2. Finely cut straw or hay used as fodder.
  3. Trivial or worthless matter: ignored the picky, unimportant criticisms that were just a lot of chaff.
  4. Strips of metal, foil, or glass fiber with a metal content, cut into various lengths and having varying frequency responses, that are used to reflect electromagnetic energy as a radar countermeasure. These materials, usually dropped from aircraft, also can be deployed from shells or rockets.

[Middle English chaf, from Old English ceaf.]

chaffy chaf'fy adj.

chaff2 (chăf) pronunciation

v., chaffed, chaff·ing, chaffs.

v.tr.
To make fun of in a good-natured way; tease.

v.intr.
To engage in playful teasing. See synonyms at banter.

n.
Good-natured teasing; banter.

[Possibly alteration of CHAFE or CHAFF1.]


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Thesaurus: chaff
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verb

    To tease or mock good-humoredly: banter, joke, josh. Informal kid, rib, ride. Slang jive, rag, razz. See laughter.

noun

    Good-natured teasing: badinage, banter, raillery, taunt. Informal ribbing. See laughter.

n. strips of metal foil or metal filings released in the atmosphere from aircraft, or deployed as missiles, to obstruct radar detection or confuse radar-tracking missiles.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

1. chaffed hay; called also chop.
2. the winnowings from a threshing, consisting of awns, husks, glumes and other relatively indigestible materials.

(DOD) Radar confusion reflectors, consisting of thin, narrow metallic strips of various lengths and frequency responses, which are used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes. Causes enemy radar guided missiles to lock on to it instead of the real aircraft, ship, or other platform. See also deception; rope.


  1. The thin dry bracts or scales borne among the small individual flowers in the composite, or daisy, family.
  2. The dry bracts enclosing mature grains of wheat and some other cereal plants, removed during threshing.


Wikipedia: Chaff
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Rice chaff

Chaff (pronounced /ˈtʃɑːf/[1] or /ˈtʃæf/) is the inedible, dry, scaly protective casings of the seeds of cereal grain, or similar fine, dry, scaly plant material such as scaly parts of flowers, or finely chopped straw. In agriculture chaff is used as livestock fodder, or is a waste material ploughed into the soil or burnt.

Contents

Etymology

"Chaff" comes from Middle English chaf, from Old English ceaf; related to Old High German cheva meaning husk.

Grain chaff

Spikelets of a hulled wheat, einkorn

In grasses (including cereals such as rice, barley, oats and wheat), the ripe seed is surrounded by thin, dry scaly bracts (called glumes, lemmas and paleas), forming a dry husk, the chaff.

Domesticated types of grain have been bred to have chaff which is easily removed. For example, in wild species of wheat and in the primitive domesticated einkorn,[2] emmer[3] and spelt[4] wheats, the grains are hulled – the husks enclose each seed tightly. Before the grain can be used, the hulls must be removed by further processing such as milling or pounding. In contrast, in free-threshing (or naked) forms such as durum wheat and common wheat, the glumes are fragile, and on threshing the chaff easily breaks up, releasing the grains.

The process of loosening the chaff from the grain is called threshing, and separating the loose chaff from the grain is called winnowing – traditionally done by tossing grain up into lightly blowing wind, dividing it from the lighter chaff, which is blown aside. This process typically utilizes a broad, plate-shaped basket, or similar receptacle for holding and collecting the winnowed grain as it comes back down.

Chaff should not be confused with bran, which is finer, scaly material forming part of the grain itself.

Straw chaff

Chaff is also made by chopping straw (or sometimes coarse hay) into very short lengths, using a machine called a chaff cutter. Like grain chaff this is used as animal feed, and is a way of turning coarse fodder into a form more palatable to livestock.[5][6][7][8][9]

Botany

In botany, chaff refers to the thin receptacular bracts of many species in the sunflower family Asteraceae and related families. They are modified scale-like leaves surrounding single florets in the flower-head.

Metaphor

Chaff as a waste product from grain processing leads to a metaphorical use of the term, to refer to something seen as worthless. This is most commonly in the expression "to separate the wheat from the chaff" from Matthew 3., where it means to separate things of value from things of no value. Another example is in Psalm 1 of the Bible, which says: "Not so the wicked! They are like chaff that the wind blows away".

See also

References

  1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1933: Chaff
  2. ^ Potts, D. T. (1996) Mesopotamia Civilization: The Material Foundations Cornell University Press. p. 62. ISBN 0-8014-3339-8.
  3. ^ Nevo, Eviatar & A. B. Korol & A. Beiles & T. Fahima. (2002) Evolution of Wild Emmer and Wheat Improvement: Population Genetics, Genetic Resources, and Genome.... Springer. p. 8. ISBN 3-540-41750-8.
  4. ^ Vaughan, J. G. & P. A. Judd. (2003) The Oxford Book of Health Foods. Oxford University Press. p. 35. ISBN 0-19-850459-4.
  5. ^ "The Chaff cutter"
  6. ^ Cutting chaff by hand: detail of painting by David Teniers the Younger
  7. ^ A Victorian chaff cutter
  8. ^ Virtual Victorians (Accessed 12 May 2008)
  9. ^ Modern chaff cutter, Maharashtra Industries Directory. (Accessed 12 May 2008)

Translations: Chaff
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Dansk (Danish)
1.
n. - avner, hakkelse

2.
n. - godmodigt drilleri, metalfoliestrimler til radarforstyrrelse
v. tr. - smådrille, holde sjov med
v. intr. - smådrille

Nederlands (Dutch)
gekscheren met, fijnhakken (b.v. stro), haksel, kaf, plagerij, troep, anti-radarsneeuw

Français (French)
1.
n. - (Agric) balle, menue paille

2.
n. - taquinerie, raillerie, (Aviat) leurres passifs, chaffs
v. tr. - railler, taquiner, (Agric) hacher (la paille)
v. intr. - plaisanter sur

Deutsch (German)
1.
n. - Spreu, Häcksel

2.
n. - Scherze, Flachserei
v. - spaßen mit, scherzen

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - σανός, άχυρο, χόρτο, πείραγμα, τσίγκλισμα, άχρηστα, σκουπίδια
v. - πειράζω, τσιγκλίζω

Italiano (Italian)
canzonare

Português (Portuguese)
n. - palha (f) ou feno (m) cortado, detrito (m), joio (m)
v. - debulhar, zombar

Русский (Russian)
подтрунивать

Español (Spanish)
1.
n. - broma, burla, tomadura de pelo

2.
n. - tomadura de pelo, broma, burla
v. tr. - tomar el pelo a, burlarse de
v. intr. - tomar el pelo a, burlarse de

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - agnar, hackelse (djurföda), skräp, drift
v. - skära hackelse av, skoja (med)

中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
1. 粗糠, 谷壳, 无价值的东西, 废物, 草料, 秣, 金属箔片

2. 戏弄, 逗弄, 开玩笑, 打趣

中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
1.
v. tr. - 戲弄, 逗弄
v. intr. - 開玩笑, 打趣

2.
n. - 粗糠, 穀殼, 無價值的東西, 廢物, 草料, 秣, 金屬箔片

한국어 (Korean)
1.
n. - 왕겨, 폐물, 레이더 탐지 방해용 금속편

2.
n. - 놀림
v. tr. - 놀리다
v. intr. - 놀리다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - もみがら, 切りわら, くず, がらくた, からかい, まぐさ, ひやかし
v. - からかう, 刻む

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) قش, قشرة الحنطه (فعل) عاكس, مازح‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮מוץ, חציר, דברים חסרי-ערך, לגלוג, שביבי מתכת המפוזרים באוויר כדי להכשיל פעולת מכ"מ‬
v. tr. - ‮לגלג או התלוצץ שלא על מנת להעליב‬
v. intr. - ‮לגלג או התלוצץ שלא על מנת להעליב‬


 
 
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chaffless
jaff (ordnance)
paleaceous

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