change

View more Business & Finance videos

Transaction against a computer file that adds, deletes, or changes information in a record. See also change of address.

Transaction against a computer file that adds, deletes, or changes information in a record.

Previous:	Chancery, Champerty, Chairman of The Board
Next:	Change Agent, Change in Accounting Method, Channel Captain

verb

1. To make or become different: alter, modify, mutate, turn, vary. See change/persist.
2. To give up in return for something else: commute, exchange, interchange, shift, substitute, switch, trade. Informal swap. See change/persist, substitute.
3. To leave or discard for another: shift, switch. See change/persist, substitute.

noun

1. The process or result of making or becoming different: alteration, modification, mutation, permutation, variation. See change/persist.
2. The act of exchanging or substituting: commutation, exchange, interchange, shift, substitution, switch, trade, transposition. Informal swap. See change/persist, substitute.
3. The process or result of changing from one appearance, state, or phase to another: changeover, conversion, metamorphosis, mutation, shift, transfiguration, transformation, translation, transmogrification, transmutation, transubstantiation. See change/persist.
4. The process or an instance of passing from one form, state, or stage to another: passage, shift, transit, transition. See change/persist.

Idioms beginning with change:
change hands
change off
change of heart
change of life
change one's mind
change one's tune
change the subject

See also for a change; leopard cannot change its spots; piece of change; ring the changes.

n

Definition: coins
Antonyms: bill, dollar, paper money

n

Definition: replacement
Antonyms: constancy, stability

v

Definition: make or become different
Antonyms: continue, hold, keep, persist, remain, stay

In building construction, an authorized alteration or deviation from the design or scope of work as originally defined by the contract documents.

---

The central problems for a philosophy of change are the relationship of change to time, and the relationship of both of them to us. Although change is a fundamental element of the perceived world, a permanent theme in both Eastern and Western philosophies is an other-worldliness according to which the restless everyday world of changing things and events must be regarded as unreal in comparison with a more fundamental immutable reality. The first expression of this in the western tradition occurs in Parmenides. The arguments of Zeno of Elea against motion are usually interpreted as partly a defence of Parmenidean monism. The backlash came with Heraclitus, whose vision of the world as eternally in flux nevertheless found something contradictory in the notion: ‘we step and we do not step into the same river, we are and we are not.’ The idea that there is a contradiction in the notion of change is defended in modern times by McTaggart (see a-series), who also thought that reality had to be conceived of as essentially static, with apparent change an artefact of a mental perspective. The idea that the changing, decaying world is a reflection of an eternal, incorruptible, and changeless world is central to Christian metaphysics, and finds expression in Kant's doctrine that time is merely the form of inner sense, imposed by the mind. In absolute idealism, notably that of Bradley, there is the same doctrine that change is contradictory and consequently unreal: the Absolute is changeless. A way of sympathizing a little with this idea is to reflect that any scientific explanation of change will proceed by finding an unchanging law operating, or an unchanging quantity conserved in the change, so that explanation of change always proceeds by finding that which is unchanged. The metaphysical problem of change is to shake off the idea that each moment is created afresh, ex nihilo, and to obtain a conception of events or processes as having a genuinely historical reality, really extended and unfolding in time, as opposed to being composites of discrete temporal atoms. A step towards this end may be to see time itself not as an infinite container within which discrete events are located, but as a kind of logical construction from the flux of events. This relational view of time was advocated by Leibniz and a subject of the debate between him and Newton's absolutist pupil, Clarke.

The psychic changes observable during psychoanalytic treatment involve two distinct processes. First, the therapeutic process applies to symptoms, personality traits, and behaviors amenable to transformation. Second, the psychoanalytic process applies to how the experience created by the analytic setting and the rules of technique is lived out. The articulation of these two processes defines the question of change in psychoanalysis.

Without ever acquiring a specific conceptual status, the idea of change has been the focus of continual questioning since the beginning of psychoanalysis. As pointed out by Daniel Widlöcher (1970), it is easily traced in Sigmund Freud's work. As early as their preliminary communication of 1893, which served to introduce their Studies on Hysteria (1895d), Freud and Breuer established both the modus operandi of the cathartic treatment of hysteria and the idea that the mechanism of treating the symptom is the reverse of the mechanism of its formation. The recollection of an event and its affective charge spark a process that reverses the pathogenic process brought about by repression. From that point on and indeed throughout the rest of his work, Freud drew on his observation of resistances to change to modify, deepen, and refine his model of change. Three moments mark the beginnings of psychoanalysis: the development of the rules of technique, the shift in focus from trauma theory to the role of fantasy, and the introduction of the concept of change in the form of libidinal development. Here we have an indication of the importance of a model of change to psychoanalysis.

Freud's discovery of the extent and importance of the transference between 1904 and 1910 introduced a new model of change, which is particularly well explained in his Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1916-1917a [1915-1917]). Transference affects the processes of change in several ways. It is an obstacle used by resistance, and it hinders the processes of association and remembering by encouraging repetition through acting out. But it is also a lever for therapeutic transformation, because the patient cathects with the therapist and this reveals features of past attachments and conflicts. Above all, repetition in the transference leads the patient to externalize a conflicted intrapsychic structure and displace it onto the relationship with the analyst. This is the origin of the tripartite therapeutic model of clinical neurosis, transference neurosis, and infantile neurosis.

Beginning in the 1920s, growing doubts about the therapeutic effectiveness of psychoanalysis led Freud to make two basic theoretical revisions. First, he introduced the dualism of the life and death instincts to account for the force of the compulsion for repetition as compared with the inertia of libidinal-object choice. The second revision was based on a more diversified analysis of the processes of resistance to change, which allowed Freud, in "Inhibitions, Symptoms, and Anxiety" (1926d [1925]), to differentiate the resistances of the id, the ego, and the superego—a distinction made possible by the new structural model but also strengthened the clinical effectiveness of treatment. On this basis Freud constructed a third model, which he formulated in a binary manner: "Where id was, there ego shall be," he wrote in "New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis" (1933a [1932], p. 80). In "Analysis Terminable and Interminable" (1937c), Freud offered a more modest version of this formulation, evoking a kind of to-and-fro between ego analysis and id analysis. He was also careful to recall the bases of resistance to change (libidinal viscosity, the repetition compulsion, and also penis envy in women and masculine protest in men).

Throughout his work, in fact, Freud emphasized the study of resistances. In "Analysis Terminable and Interminable" (1937c), he emphasized, "Instead of an enquiry into how a cure by analysis comes about (a matter which I think has been sufficiently elucidated) the question should be asked of what are the obstacles that stand in the way of such a cure" (p. 221).

Have developments in psychoanalytic thinking since Freud followed through on this recommendation? Probably in part, even though the various theories have focused chiefly on their respective models of change. The development of many different schools of thought after Freud owes a great deal to modifications of technique (though only in close association with the work of interpretation) and, in the final analysis, to theoretical approaches that seek to specify the articulations between a pathological model, a developmental model, and a model of change through treatment. Yet all schools of psychoanalysis have based themselves on theoretical and clinical elements already present in Freud's work. Rather than an expression of allegiance, this is a consequence of the fact that Freud's theory of change (and the different models successively added to it) covers a very complex reality, of which the various schools have tried to specify a particular portion.

It is worth drawing out a few main themes of these schools, though without reviewing the technical and theoretical frameworks of each (which are rarely presented in connection with the processes of change and resistance to change). The first theme concerns the psychoanalyst's involvement in the process of change. The idea of a neutral therapist, whose "noninvolvement" ensures the necessary capacity for listening and interpretation, has given way to an ever narrower focus on the analyst's mental efforts and role in change. This trend, already well underway in Sándor Ferenczi's innovations in technique, is evident in studies of the role of counter-transference by Paula Meimann and Heinrich Racker, and is currently being developed around the concepts of interaction, empathy (Ralph Greenson, Heinz Kohut), and "co-thinking" (Widlöcher).

Rather different from the foregoing is the narrative or constructivist tendency. This trend includes the otherwise varied approaches of Jacques Lacan, Roy Schafer, and Serge Viderman, all of whom in their respective ways emphasized how the work of interpretation is constructive.

Another theme is the mechanisms of externalization and internalization. Authors here have returned to the model of transference neurosis to show how pathological structures are displaced in the therapeutic relationship. Often abandoning the classical model of neurosis, these authors (including Melanie Klein and her students, as well as object-relations theorists) describe more archaic processes that become amenable to analysis once they are externalized in the transference.

A third approach stresses the reparative function of the process of change. Change is expected to affect choices of libidinal objects. This trend develops the Freudian idea of the "revision of the process" by placing considerable emphasis on the emotions and the psychoanalyst's containing function. Such authors as Michael Balint, Donald Winnicott, and Wilfred R. Bion, very different in other respects, belong to this trend.

Other dimensions of change could, of course, be taken into consideration. The most important thing, perhaps, is to identify the reasons for the various divergences on the nature of psychic change and their impact on the activity and future development of the institutions of psychoanalysis. The problem is less one of justifying the existence of several models (which, as noted earlier, has to do with the complexity of the processes involved) than of explaining the reasons for theoretical choices. Clearly, the extension of psychoanalytic treatment to a broader range of cases and the application of psychoanalysis to serious pathologies have had a decisive impact on evolving ideas about change. Will this trend toward disparate models of psychic change continue? If not, what other trend will supplant it? What role will planned research studies, which tend to objectify certain data, play at a time when psychoanalysts are increasingly being held accountable for treatment choices, their effectiveness, and their cost?

Bibliography

Freud, Sigmund. (1916-1917a [1915-1917]). Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. SE, 15-16.

——. (1926d [1925]). Inhibitions, symptoms, and anxiety. SE, 20: 75-172.

——. (1933a [1932]). New introductory lectures on psycho-analysis. SE, 22: 1-182.

——. (1937c). Analysis terminable and interminable. SE, 23: 209-253.

——, & Breuer, Josef. (1893a). On the psychical mechanism of hysterical phenomina: Preliminary communication. SE, 2: 1-17.

Freud, Sigmund, and Breuer, Josef. (1895d). Studies on hysteria. SE, 2: 48-106.

Widlöcher, Daniel. (1970). Freud et le problème du changement. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.

—DANIEL WIDLÖCHER

1. For an option or futures contract, the difference between the current price and the previous day's settlement price.

2. For an index or average, the difference between the current value and the previous day's market close.

3. For a stock or bond quote, the difference between the current price and the last trade of the previous day.

Investopedia Says:
Change is good, even downward plunges are needed once in awhile. A market without change is basically a bank account, and interest rates rarely stay ahead of inflation rates.

Related Links:
Whether up, down or sideways, learn about some of the factors that drive stock market moves. Where's The Market Headed Now?
Find out how this index tracks market movements - and where it falls short. How Now, Dow? What Moves The DJIA?
Learn how to apply the ACD technique to a longer time horizon. Gauging The Strength Of A Market Move
Learn a technique to halt losses when the market moves quickly in an unfavorable direction. Managing Bull Put Spreads With A Simple Adjustment Plan
Get the most out of your mutual fund by using this simple but powerful strategy. Dollar-Cost Averaging Pays

IN BRIEF: Becoming different.

To be interested in the changing seasons is a happier state of mind than to be hopelessly in love with spring. — George Santayana (1863-1952)

LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!

as in: alter, adapt, or adjust
sign description: Both hands with modified X hands make a twisting motion around each other.

---

Quotes:

"Seek not to change the world, but choose to change your mind about the world." - A Course In Miracles

"The industrial landscape is already littered with remains of once successful companies that could not adapt their strategic vision to altered conditions of competition." - Abernathy

"It seemed that each time we would become proficient at a given task there would be a change made for no apparent reason. It sometimes appeared that changes were made simply because sufficient time had elapsed since the last change. And then our efforts would begin again from the beginning." - General Adalphos

"Change means movement. Movement means friction. Only in the frictionless vacuum of a nonexistent abstract world can movement or change occur without that abrasive friction of conflict." - Saul Alinsky

"Who we are never changes. Who we think we are does." - Mary S. Almanac

"That's the risk you take if you change: that people you've been involved with won't like the new you. But other people who do will come along." - Lisa Alther

See more famous quotes about Change

For a list of words related to change, see:

• Infancy - change: (vb) replace child’s soiled diaper with clean one
• Money, Currency, and Denominations - change: coins

---

See words rhyming with "change."

  See crossword solutions for the clue Change.

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
v. tr. - forandre, udskifte, stige om, veksle, kastrere
v. intr. - forandre sig, skifte tøj
n. - forandring, omslag, hold, skiftetøj, byttepenge, grammatisk vekslen

idioms:

• change down    skifte til lavere gear
• change hands    skifte ejer, skifte hånd, skifte standpunkt
• change into    blive til, forvandle til, skifte til
• change machine    veksleautomat
• change of heart    sindelagsskift
• change of life    klimakterium
• change one's ground    skifte standpunkt
• change over to    omstille, skifte til
• change up    sætte i højere gear
• for a change    til en forandring
• give change    give tilbage

Nederlands (Dutch)
veranderen, zich omkleden, schakelen, verruilen, verversen, (ver)wisselen, verschonen, een schone luier omdoen, overstappen, verandering, wissel, schone kleding, volgorde bij klokkenspel, modulatie, gedaanteverandering van maan, omslag, wisselgeld, kleingeld

Français (French)
v. tr. - changer, modifier, transformer, échanger contre, (fig) intervertir (des rôles), (Sport) changer (de côté), changer de, changer (un caractère), changer (un bébé), (Fin) changer (de la monnaie), (Comput) modifier
v. intr. - changer, tourner (le vent), se changer, ôter, enlever (un vêtement), se métamorphoser, changer (de train)
n. - changement, modification, échange, (Théât) changement (de costume), (fig) changement (d'air), pour changer, de rechange (des vêtements), monnaie, petite monnaie, appoint, (Fin) la Bourse (arch)

idioms:

• change down    (GB, Aut) rétrograder
• change hands    changer de mains, changer de propriétaire
• change into    se transformer en, devenir
• change machine    changeur de monnaie
• change of heart    changement d'avis
• change of life    retour d'âge, ménopause
• change off    ôter, enlever (un vêtement)
• change one's ground    changer d'arguments
• change over    passer à, changer, intervertir
• change up    (GB, Aut) passer à une vitesse supérieure
• for a change    pour changer
• get no change out of    n'obtenir aucun changement de
• give change    échanger, changer, rendre la monnaie

Deutsch (German)
v. - sich ändern, sich verändern, sich umziehen, schalten, ändern, wechseln, tauschen, umsteigen, die Windel wechseln
n. - Änderung, Veränderung, Wechsel, Wechselgeld

idioms:

• change down    zurückschalten
• change hands    in andere Hände übergehen
• change into    sich verwandeln in
• change machine    Münzwechsler, Geldwechselautomat
• change of heart    Sinneswandel
• change of life    Wechseljahre
• change off    sich abwechseln, etw. abwechselnd tun
• change one's ground    umschwenken
• change over    umstellen auf, übergehen zu, wechseln
• change up    hochschalten
• for a change    zur Abwechslung, (iro) zur Abwechslung mal
• get no change out of    nichts auf jmdm. rauskriegen (ugs.)
• give change    wechseln, Wechselgeld geben

Ελληνική (Greek)
v. - αλλάζω, μεταβάλλω/-ομαι, τροποποιώ/-ούμαι, μετατρέπω/-ομαι, μεταμορφώνω/-ομαι, εναλλάσσω/-ομαι, κάνω λιανά/ψιλά, χαλάω (χαρτονόμισμα), αλλάζω τρένο, αλλάζω (ρούχα)
n. - αλλαγή, μεταβολή, τροποποίηση, ψιλά, λιανά, ρέστα, (για ρούχα) αλλαξιά, εναλλαγή, διαδοχή, ανταλλαγή, κλιμακτήριος

idioms:

• change down    (για αυτοκίνητο κ.λπ.) κατεβάζω ταχύτητα
• change hands    αλλάζω χέρια, αλλάζω ιδιοκτήτη
• change into    μεταβάλλω/-ομαι, μεταμορφώνω/-ομαι σε, αλλάζω (ρούχα) και φορώ
• change machine    μηχανή για ψιλά
• change of heart    αλλαγή διαθέσεων
• change of life    εμμηνόπαυση, κλιμακτήριος (εποχή)
• change one's ground    αλλάζω θέσεις/στάση, μετατοπίζω το ζήτημα
• change over to    μεταπηδώ σε
• change up    (για αυτοκίνητο κ.λπ.) ανεβάζω ταχύτητα
• for a change    (καθομ.) για αλλαγή, για να σπάσει η μονοτονία
• give change    δίνω ρέστα

Italiano (Italian)
cambiare, cambiarsi, cambiare marcia, modificare, tramutare, scambiare, variare, cambiamento, borsa, cambio, mutamento, resto

idioms:

• bureau de change    ufficio cambi, cambio
• change down    scalare marcia
• change into    tramutarsi in, trasformarsi in
• change machine    cambia monete automatico
• change of heart    cambiamento di idea
• change of life    menopausa, (pl.) le vicissitudini della vita
• change over to    passare a
• change up    passare a una marcia superiore
• climatic change    cambiamento di clima
• give change    cambiare

Português (Portuguese)
v. - mudar ou trocar
n. - mudança (m), troca (m)

idioms:

• bureau de change    casa (f) de câmbio
• change down    reduzir a marcha
• change hands    mudar de dono
• change into    transformar-se em
• change machine    máquina (f) de trocar dinheiro
• change of heart    mudar de opinião, arrepender-se
• change of life    menopausa (f) (Med.)
• change over to    comutar para
• change up    mudar completamente
• climatic change    mudança (f) de ambiente
• for a change    para variar
• give change    dar troco
• loose change    trocado(s) (m) (m pl)
• ring the changes    usar o mesmo de modo diferente
• sex change    mudança (f) de sexo
• small change    dinheiro (m) miúdo

Русский (Russian)
измениться, переодеться, изменить, переодеть, поменять, изменение, пересадка, сдача, мелочь

idioms:

• bureau de change    пункт обмена валюты
• change down    переключить на более низкую скорость
• change hands    переходить из рук в руку
• change into    превратиться в
• change machine    разменный автомат
• change of heart    изменение намерений
• change of life    менопауза
• change over to    перейти на
• change up    переключить на более высокую передачу
• climatic change    климатические изменения
• for a change    на этот раз по другому
• give change    дать сдачу
• loose change    мелочь
• ring the changes    внести тоже самые изменения
• sex change    изменение пола
• small change    мелочь

Español (Spanish)
v. tr. - cambiar de marcha, cambiar de velocidad, convertir, modificar, transformar, cambiar, renovar, variar, alterar, cambiar de, cambiar el pañal
v. intr. - cambiarse, alterarse, cambiarse de ropa, mudarse
n. - modificación, alteración, cambio, cambio de postura, cambio brusco, reforma, cambio de dinero, vuelta

idioms:

• change down    cambiar a una velocidad inferior, reducir
• change hands    cambiar de dueño
• change into    cambiarse en, convertirse en, tornarse en, vestirse con las ropas de otro
• change machine    máquina automática para cambiar monedas
• change of heart    cambio de opinión o de parecer
• change of life    menopausia
• change off    turnarse, alternarse
• change one's ground    cambiar de táctica, adoptar una nueva postura
• change over    cambiar a, pasar a, proceder a, cambio importante
• change up    cambiar a una velocidad superior
• for a change    proponer hacer algo diferente
• get no change out of    no obtener ayuda de
• give change    dar vuelto

Svenska (Swedish)
v. - förändra, förvandla, byta (ut), växla (pengar), byta (kläder, tåg mm)
n. - förändring, växling, omgång kläder, växel

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
改变, 使变化, 更改, 换, 变化, 更衣, 找回的零钱

idioms:

• change down    放慢车速
• change hands    易手
• change into    把...变成, 换, 变成...
• change machine    辅币兑换机
• change of heart    改变主意, 改变心意
• change of life    绝经期, 更年期, 停止月经
• change one's ground    改变立场
• change over to    改变到..., 转换到...
• change up    开快
• for a change    为了改变一下, 为了换个口味
• give change    找零钱

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
v. tr. - 改變, 使變化, 更改, 換
v. intr. - 改變, 變化, 更改, 更衣
n. - 變化, 換, 找回的零錢

idioms:

• change down    放慢車速
• change hands    易手
• change into    把...變成, 換, 變成...
• change machine    輔幣兌換機
• change of heart    改變主意, 改變心意
• change of life    絕經期, 更年期, 停止月經
• change one's ground    改變立場
• change over to    改變到..., 轉換到...
• change up    開快
• for a change    為了改變一下, 為了換個口味
• give change    找零錢

한국어 (Korean)
v. tr. - 바꾸다, 장소를 옮기다, 환전하다
v. intr. - 변하다, 갈아타다, 갈아입다
n. - 변화, 교환, 거스름돈

idioms:

• change down    기어를 저속으로 바꾸다
• change hands    임자가 바뀌다, 거래하다
• change into    변장하다
• change machine    잔돈 교환기
• change of heart    회심, 기분 전환
• change of life    폐경, 갱년기
• change one's ground    패배하다, 멸망하다
• change over to    바꾸다, 변경하다
• change up    기어를 고속으로 바꾸다
• give change    애쓰다, 앙갚음하다

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 変化, つり銭, 小銭, 取り替え, 着替え, 交替
v. - 変える, 変化させる, 変化する, 取り替える, 交換する, 乗り換える, 着替える, 着替えさせる, 両替する, くずす

idioms:

• change down    チェンジダウン
• change hands    持ち主が変わる
• change into    変わる
• change machine    両替機
• change of heart    心変わり, 転向
• change of life    更年期
• change one's mind    考えを変える
• change over to    位置を変える, 切り替わる
• change purse    小銭入れ
• change the subject    話題を変える
• change up    チェンジアップを投げる
• climatic change    気候変化
• for a change    気分転換に, 変化を付けるために
• winds of change    変化をもたらす風

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(فعل) غير, بدل, تحول, صرف عمله, أبدل عمله (الاسم) تغيير, تغير, تحول, فكه, فراطه, خردة, الباقي بعد الدفع‏

עברית (Hebrew)
v. tr. - ‮החליף בגדים, פרט כסף, החליף‬
v. intr. - ‮החליף בגדים, השתנה‬
n. - ‮שינוי, החלפה, המרה, עודף, כסף קטן, בגדים להחלפה‬

If you are unable to view some languages clearly, click here.