chart
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(chärt) 
n.
v., chart·ed, chart·ing, charts. v.tr.
To be ranked on a chart of best-selling items: a song that charted at the number one position last week.
n.
- A map showing coastlines, water depths, or other information of use to navigators.
- An outline map on which specific information, such as scientific data, can be plotted.
- A sheet presenting information in the form of graphs or tables.
- See graph1 (sense 2).
- A listing of best-selling recorded music or other items. Often used in the plural: A hit single that reached number 3 on the charts.
v., chart·ed, chart·ing, charts. v.tr.
- To make a chart of.
- To plan (something) in detail: is charting a course to destruction.
To be ranked on a chart of best-selling items: a song that charted at the number one position last week.
[Obsolete French charte, from Latin charta, sheet of paper made from papyrus. See card1.]
Roget's Thesaurus:
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chart
noun
- An orderly columnar display of data: table, tabulation. See knowledge/ignorance.
verb
- To show graphically the direction or location of, as by using coordinates: lay out, map (out), plot. See show/hide.
- To form a strategy for: blueprint, cast, conceive, contrive, design, devise, formulate, frame, lay, plan, project, scheme, strategize, work out. Informal dope out. Idioms: lay plans. See planned/unplanned.
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n. a geographical map or plan, especially one used for navigation by sea or air.
v.1. make a map of (an area).
2. plot (a course) on a chart: the pilot found his craft taking a route he had not charted.
See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.
Columbia Encyclopedia:
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chart
chart, term referring to maps prepared for marine navigation and for air navigation. All charts show, in some convenient scale, geographic features useful to the navigator, as well as indications of direction, e.g., true north (the direction of the geographic North Pole), magnetic north (the direction indicated by the north-seeking end of a magnetic compass needle), and magnetic declination (the difference between these two directions). Data shown on marine charts include the outline and nature of coasts, with landmarks; currents and undercurrents (both direction and force); winds; tides; location and type of lighthouses, buoys, beacons, and lightships; position of rocks, bars, reefs, shoals, wrecks, or other dangers; contour and nature of bottom (mud, sand, rock, or gravel); and depth. Depth is indicated in great detail in harbors and shallow and intricate waterways; the value indicated is usually that at mean low water. Most national governments publish charts of their coasts and harbors; the British admiralty has done the most work along these lines. In the United States the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Hydrographic Office of the Dept. of the Navy issue charts; these are drawn using the gnomonic or Mercator map projections. Aeronautical charts show natural or man-made surface features by the use of various symbols. These charts give locations of radio-navigation stations and graphic representations of the directional information they broadcast; radio communication channels of airports and spacecraft centers; standard flight paths; and dangerous or forbidden areas (e.g., certain military installations). Elevations on the earth's surface are indicated by contour lines. The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey issues many kinds of aeronautical charts.
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n. a musical score. (Musicians. See also map.) Come on, man! Look at the chart! You're making clinkers like hot cakes.
Word Tutor:
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chart
IN BRIEF: A visual display of information.
Life is like a cobweb, not an organization chart.
— Ross Perot.
LearnThatWord.com is a free vocabulary and spelling program where you only pay for results!
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A map representing a given surface of the earth and specially designed for sea or air navigation. Aeronautical charts, in which only coastlines, some contours, water, woods, and some aeronautical information (including air routes and airfields) are shown, are the most commonly used. (see page 144)
Saunders Veterinary Dictionary:
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charting
The keeping of a clinical record of the important facts about a patient and the progress of its illness. The patient's chart most often contains a medical history, a nursing history, results of physical examinations, laboratory reports, results of special diagnostic tests, and the observations of the nursing staff. See also problem-oriented medical record.
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n
A sheet of paper or pasteboard that presents a graphic representation of a condition or state.
Random House Word Menu:
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categories related to 'chart'
- Maps and Cartography - chart: outline map, such as weather or resource map, with special information plotted geographically
- Seamanship and Port - chart: navigational map
- Graphic Design - chart: any organizational or quantitative diagram containing information and revealing relationships in visual arrangement of elements
- Baseball - chart: (vb) to keep track of what a pitcher does with every pitch
- Strategy and Tactics - chart: (vb) carefully plan out (a course of action)
See crossword solutions for the clue
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For information about charts in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Graphs and charts.
A chart is a graphical representation of data, in which "the data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart".[1] A chart can represent tabular numeric data, functions or some kinds of qualitative structures.
The term "chart" as a graphical representation of data has multiple meanings:
- A data chart is a type of diagram or graph, that organizes and represents a set of numerical or qualitative data.
- Maps that are adorned with extra information for some specific purpose are often known as charts, such as a nautical chart or aeronautical chart.
- Other domain specific constructs are sometimes called charts, such as the chord chart in music notation or a record chart for album popularity.
Charts are often used to ease understanding of large quantities of data and the relationships between parts of the data. Charts can usually be read more quickly than the raw data that they are produced from. They are used in a wide variety of fields, and can be created by hand (often on graph paper) or by computer using a charting application. Certain types of charts are more useful for presenting a given data set than others. For example, data that presents percentages in different groups (such as "satisfied, not satisfied, unsure") are often displayed in a pie chart, but may be more easily understood when presented in a horizontal bar chart.[2] On the other hand, data that represents numbers that change over a period of time (such as "annual revenue from 1990 to 2000") might be best shown as a line chart.
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Contents
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Features of a chart
A chart can take a large variety ; however, there are common features that provide the chart with its ability to extract meaning from data.
Typically a chart is graphical, containing very little text, since humans are generally able to infer meaning from pictures quicker than from text. One of the more important uses of text in a graph is in the title. A graph's title usually appears above the main graphic and provides a succinct description of what the data in the graph refers to.
Dimensions in the data are often displayed on axes. If a horizontal and a vertical axis are used, they are usually referred to as the x-axis and y-axis respectively. Each axis will have a scale, denoted by periodic graduations and usually accompanied by numerical or categorical indications. Each axis will typically also have a label displayed outside or beside it, briefly describing the dimension represented. If the scale is numerical, the label will often be suffixed with the unit of that scale in parentheses. For example, "Distance traveled (m)" is a typical x-axis label and would mean that the distance travelled in metres is related to the horizontal position of the data.
Within the graph a grid of lines may appear to aid in the visual alignment of data. The grid can be enhanced by visually emphasizing the lines at regular or significant graduations. The emphasized lines are then called major grid lines and the rest of the grid lines are minor grid lines.
The data of a chart can appear in all manner of formats, with or without individual labels. It may appear as dots or shapes, connected or unconnected, and in any combination of colors and patterns. Inferences or points of interest can be overlayed directly on the graph to further aid information extraction.
When the data appearing in a chart contains multiple variables, the chart may include a legend. A legend contains a list of the variables appearing in the chart and an example of their appearance. This information allows the data from each variable to be identified in the chart.
Types of charts
Common charts
Four of the most common charts are:
This gallery shows:
- A histogram consists of tabular frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to the frequency of the observations in the interval.
- A bar chart is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or horizontally.
- A pie chart shows percentage values as a slice of a pie.
- A line chart is a two-dimensional scatterplot of ordered observations where the observations are connected following their order.
Other common charts are:
-
Timeline chart
.png)
Less-common charts
Examples of less common charts are:
.svg)
This gallery shows:
- A bubble chart is a two-dimensional scatterplot where a third variable is represented by the size of the points.
- A Polar area diagram, sometimes called a Coxcomb chart, is an enhanced form of pie chart developed by Florence Nightingale.
- A radar chart or "spider chart" is a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables represented on axes starting from the same point.
- A waterfall chart also known as a "Walk" chart, is a special type of floating-column chart.
- A Tree Map where the areas of the rectangles correspond to values. Other dimensions can be represented with colour or hue.
Field-specific charts
Some types of charts have specific uses in a certain field
This gallery shows:
- Stock market prices are often depicted with a open-high-low-close chart with a traditional bar chart of volume at the bottom.
- Candlestick charts are another type of bar chart used to describe price movements of an equity over time.
- A Kagi chart is a time-independent stock tracking chart that attempts to minimise noise.
- Alternatively, where less detail is required, and chart size is paramount, a Sparkline may be used.
Other examples:
- Interest rates, temperatures, etc., at the close of the period are plotted with a line chart.
- Project planners use a Gantt chart to show the timing of tasks as they occur over time.
Well-known named charts
Some of the better-known named charts are:
-
PERT chart
Some specific charts have become well known by effectively explaining a phenomenon or idea.
- An Allele chart is a chart originating from the study of genetics to show the interaction of two data points in a grid.
- A Gantt chart helps in scheduling complex projects.
- The Nolan chart and the Pournelle chart classify political philosophies according to two axes of variation.
- A PERT chart is often used in project management.
- The Smith chart serves in radio electronics.
Other charts
There are dozens of other types of charts. Here are some of them:
-
Strip chart
Common plots
Main article: Plot (graphics)
Chart Software
There are many different types of software available to produce charts.
JavaScript
- D3.js - HTML5/CSS3/SVG, BSD license
- JS InfoVis Toolkit - HTML5/SVG, MIT license
- Envision.js - HTML5, MIT license
- Sencha ExtJS 4 Charts - HTML5/SVG/Canvas, GPL or Commercial license
- Sencha Touch Charts - HTML5/SVG/Canvas, GPL or Commercial license
Excel
- Microsoft Excel - Built in charting function for basic chart types
Java
- JFreeChart - Free Java based chart software
Flash
- AnyChart - Cross browser / Cross platform / Flash/JavaScript (HTML5) / Multiple data input / Variety of chart output / AnyChart Free Trial / AnyChart Full Version Purchase
- FusionCharts - Cross browser / Cross server-side technologies / Flash/JavaScript (HTML5) / Multiple mobile devices / Variety of chart output /
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chart |
- Diagram
- Edward Tufte
- Exploratory data analysis
- Information graphics
- Graphic organizer
- Mathematical diagram
- Official statistics
- Plot (graphics)
- Comparison of Adobe Flex charts
References
- ^ Cary Jensen, Loy Anderson (1992). Harvard graphics 3: the complete reference. Osborne McGraw-Hill ISBN 0-07-881749-8 p.413
- ^ Howard Wainer (1997) 'Visual revelations: graphical tales of fate and deception from Napoleon Bonaparte to Ross Perot,Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. ISBN 0-8058-3878-3 p.87-90
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008) |
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Translations:
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Chart
Dansk (Danish)
n. - søkort, kort, diagram
v. tr. - lave et kort over, udstikke en kurs på et kort, illustrere ved diagram, planlægge
Nederlands (Dutch)
kaart, tabel, grafiek, hitparade, plannen, in kaart brengen
Français (French)
n. - carte, tableau, barème, graphique, (Mus) hit-parade
v. tr. - porter (qch) sur la carte, tracer (une route), enregistrer (des bagages)
Deutsch (German)
n. - Karte, Tabelle, graphische Darstellung
v. - planen, graphisch darstellen, kartographieren, schildern
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (ναυτικός) χάρτης, διάγραμμα, ιστόγραμμα, (πληθ.) κατάλογος μουσικών επιτυχιών
v. - χαρτογραφώ, προδιαγράφω, (καθομ.) συγκαταλέγω στις μουσικές επιτυχίες
Italiano (Italian)
progettare, carta, tabella, grafico
Português (Portuguese)
n. - mapa (m), gráfico (m), itinerário (m)
v. - cartografar, registrar, catalogar
idioms:
- bar chart código (m) de barras
Русский (Russian)
наносить на карту, карта, график
idioms:
- bar chart линейный график
Español (Spanish)
n. - mapa, carta marina, esquema, cuadro, tabla, gráfica, diagrama
v. tr. - mostrar, representar, registrar
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - tabell, väggplansch, sjökort
v. - kartlägga, visa med en tabell, lägga/sätta ut kurs på sjökort
中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
图表, 制成图表
中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 圖表
v. tr. - 製成圖表
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 해도, 도표, 편곡
v. tr. - 해도나 도표로 만들다, 계획하다
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 海図, 図, 図表, 病歴, 週間ベストセラー表
v. - 海図に記す, 図に作る, 計画する
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) خارطه, رسم بياني (فعل) وضع على خريطه, خطط
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - מפה, תרשים
v. tr. - שרטט, תרשם, ערך תרשים
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The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/.
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article Chart.
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Mentioned in
conic chart
(mapping)
equatorial chart
(mapping)
isogriv chart
(navigation)
oblique chart
(mapping)
orthographic chart
(mapping)
» More