The CAS number called for on a Material Safety Data Sheet is the
Chemical Abstracts Service registry number of the material. The
Chemical Abstracts Service issues a unique number to each chemical
that is mentioned in a scientific article abstracted by the
Chemical Abstracts Service, and also to some complex mixtures. The
number has no intrinsic meaning; it merely points to a specific
chemical. It's value is that it is an unambiguous reference to a
chemical, whereas there are frequently more than a few ways of
naming each chemical using words and structural descriptions.