Chen Ning Yang

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Chinese–American physicist (1922–)

Yang, who was born the son of a mathematics professor at Hefei in China, graduated from the National Southwest Associated University in Kunming and received an MSc from Tsinghua. A fellowship enabled him to travel to America, where he studied for his PhD at the University of Chicago, under Enrico Fermi. After teaching at Chicago he joined the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, becoming professor of physics in 1955. In 1965 he was appointed Einstein Professor of Physics and director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the State University of New York, Stony Brook.

Yang collaborated with Tsung Dao Lee, and in 1956 they made a fundamental theoretical breakthrough in predicting that the law of conservation of parity would break down in the so-called weak interactions. Their startling prediction was quickly confirmed experimentally, by Chien-Shiung Wu, and in 1957 Yang and Lee were awarded the Nobel Prize for physics.

Yang has also made other advances in theoretical physics. In collaboration with R. L. Mills he proposed a non-Abelian gauge theory – also known as the Yang–Mills theory – a mathematical principle describing fundamental interactions for elementary particles and fields. Yang has also made contributions to statistical mechanics.

The Chinese-born American physicist Chen Ning Yang (born 1922) codiscovered the nonconservation of parity in weak interactions.

Academically inclined from childhood Chen Yang was born September 22, 1922, in Hotei, Anhwei, in China, enjoying what he later categorized as "a tranquil childhood that was unfortunately denied most of the Chinese of my generation." His father was a professor of mathematics at Tsinghua University, where Yang came to do post-graduate study after earning his bachelor's degree in 1942.

In 1944 Yang completed his master's degree, after which he taught in a Chinese high school for a time and then traveled to the United States on a fellowship. Determined to benefit from direct contact with Enrico Fermi (the 1938 Nobel laureate who later built the world's first nuclear reactor), Yang enrolled at the University of Chicago in 1946. He completed his doctoral degree in less than two years, his thesis being supervised by Edward Teller.

Soaring to the Top

Yang remained a year at the University of Chicago as instructor in physics, and in 1949 went to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton; in 1955 he became one of the very small number of professors on the institute's permanent staff. In 1950 he married Chih Li Tu, a former student of his in China, who was studying in Princeton. The Yangs had two sons and one daughter.

Although Yang consistently made very significant contributions to statistical mechanics and symmetry principles, he is best known for his and Lee's joint work demonstrating the limitations of the principle of conservation of parity. This principle, although tacitly assumed for centuries to be valid, took on entirely new significance with the birth of relativity, with an empirical rule discovered by O. Laporte in 1924, the advent of quantum mechanics, and E.P. Wigner's 1927 proof that Laporte's rule follows from the "right-left symmetry" of the electromagnetic forces in the atom. Conservation of parity, along with, for example, conservation of energy and momentum, seemed to be a general law of nature. Indeed, its consequences - for example, that the same experiment carried out on an object and its mirror image should yield the same result - seemed to be so obviously true that its universal validity was unquestioned.

Lee and Yang came to feel otherwise in the course of their attempts to understand what was known as the "thetatau puzzle"; two particles, the theta meson and the tau meson, having the same mass and lifetime, would ordinarily have been considered to be one and the same particle, except that while the former decayed into two pions ("even parity"), the latter decayed into three ("odd parity") - and the same particle decaying into two states of different parity would constitute a violation of conservation of parity. Only after intensive study and an extensive survey of the relevant experimental evidence did Lee and Yang conclude in early 1956 that for interactions like the ones described - the so-called "weak interactions," in contrast to the "strong" nuclear interactions, the electromagnetic interactions, and the gravitational interactions - there was absolutely no conclusive experimental basis for conservation of parity. This astonishing fact had escaped all their contemporaries. Indeed, in the words of O.B. Klein, it had been revealed to Lee and Yang only as a consequence of their "consistent and unprejudiced thinking."

But nonconservation of parity in weak interactions was still only a hypothesis. Lee and Yang therefore suggested a number of specific experimental tests for it, all of which yielded positive results. Perhaps the most famous of the tests was the cobalt-60 beta-decay experiment carried out by Madame C.S. Wu of Columbia University and her National Bureau of Standards collaborators. Since Lee and Yang's discovery led to a reexamination of all of the conservation laws, it shook the very foundations of physics, opening up entirely new and unanticipated vistas. For it, they received a number of honors, the highest of which was their shared Nobel Prize for 1957.

A New Life at Stony Brook

In the summer on 1965 Yang was invited, as he often was, to spend a summer worrking at the Brookhaven National Laboratory near the new Stony Brook-based State University of New York. He met many of the physics faculty there, and the following year he was appointed Albert Einstein Professor of Physics and Director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics, which was established especially to attract other top physicists who wished to work with Professor Yang.

By 1997 Yang had been at Stony Brook for 31 years. A man with a strong moral conscience, he had done whatever he could to promote friendship between his adopted home-land and his native China. In 1971 he beecame the first President of the National Association of Chinese Americans, following up with encouragement in every possible quarter to establish the diplomatic relationship between the two countries that finally came to pass in 1979. He also raises an ongoing fund of money, that allows scholars from China to visit the Stony Brook campus for study purposes. Most of them are aware of his many trailblazine papers, which were collected together in a book called Selected Papers 1945-1980, published in 1983 by W.H. Freeman. In honor of Professor Yang's 70th birthday, another volume, Chen Ning Yang: A Great Physicist of the Twentieth Century, was produced by several former students. Obviously, all of them have great respect and affection for him. As many of the pieces in the book note, it is Yang's warmth and sensitivity as much as his reputation which have elevated the Physics Department of the State University of New York to great heights in the world of scientific research.

Further Reading

Yang discussed his and Lee's discovery in his Nobel lecture, reprinted in Nobel Foundation, Nobel Lectures in Physics, vol. 3 (1967). A detailed account of the discovery is also in Jeremy Bernstein, A Comprehensible World (1967).

Additional Sources

Selected Papers 1945-1980 W. H. Freeman, 1983.

Liu, C. S., ed. Chen Ning Yang: A Great Physicist of the Twentieth Century.

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Yang (杨).

Chen-Ning Franklin Yang
Born	1 October 1922 (1922-10-01) (age 87) Hefei, Anhui, China.
Residence	China
Nationality	United States (1964–)
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Institute for Advanced Study State University of New York at Stony Brook Chinese University of Hong Kong Tsinghua University University of Chicago
Alma mater	National Southwestern Associated University Tsinghua University University of Chicago
Doctoral advisor	Edward Teller
Known for	Parity violation Yang-Mills theory Yang-Baxter equation
Notable awards	Nobel Prize in Physics (1957) Rumford Prize (1980) National Medal of Science (1986) Benjamin Franklin Medal (1993) Albert Einstein Medal (1995)

Chen-Ning Franklin Yang (simplified Chinese: 杨振宁; traditional Chinese: 楊振寧; pinyin: Yáng Zhènníng) (born October 1, 1922)^[1] is a Chinese-American physicist who worked on statistical mechanics and particle physics. He, together with Tsung-dao Lee, received the 1957 Nobel prize in physics for their work on parity nonconservation of weak interaction. Yang naturalized as United States citizen in 1964.

Contents 1 Biography 2 Awards 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External links

Biography

Yang was born in 1922 in Hefei, Anhui, China, his father Yang Ko-Chuen (simplified Chinese: 杨武之; pinyin: Yáng Wǔzhī) (1896–1973) was a mathematician and his mother Luó Mènghuà (罗孟华) was a housewife. Yang attended elementary school and high school in Beijing, and in the autumn of 1937 his family moved to Hefei after Japanese invaded China. In 1938 they moved to Kunming, Yunnan, where the National Southwestern Associated University was located. In the same year, as a second year student, Yang passed the entrance examination and studied at the National Southwestern Associated University. He received his bachelor's degree in 1942, the thesis being about the application of group theory to molecular spectra, under the supervision of Wu Ta-you (吴大猷) (1907–2000). He continued to study graduate courses there for two years under the supervision of Wang Zhuxi (王竹溪) (1911–1983), working on statistical mechanics. In 1944 he received his master's degree was awarded a scholarship known as the Boxer Indemnity (simplified Chinese: 庚子赔款; traditional Chinese: 庚子賠款; pinyin: Gēngzǐ péikuǎn), a scholarship set up by the United States government using the funds raised from the money China was forced to pay out following the Boxer Rebellion. He was delayed for one year, during which time he taught in a middle school as a teacher and studied field theory.

From 1946, Yang studied at The University of Chicago with Edward Teller (1908–2003), where he received his doctorate in 1948 and remained for a year as assistant to Enrico Fermi. In 1949 he moved to the Institute for Advanced Study where he began a period of fruitful collaboration with Tsung-Dao Lee. In 1966 he moved to the State University of New York at Stony Brook and became the Albert Einstein Professor of Physics and the first director of a newly founded Institute for Theoretical Physics which is now known as C. N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics. He retired from Stony Brook in 1999 as Emeritus Professor.

He has been elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院, Beijing ), the Academia Sinica (中央研究院, Taiwan), the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Royal Society, etc. and was awarded an honorary doctorate by Princeton University (1958), Moscow State University (1992), Chinese University of Hong Kong (1997), etc.

Yang visited the Chinese mainland in 1971 for the first time after the thaw in China-US relations, and has subsequently made great efforts to help the Chinese physics community to rebuild research atmosphere which was destroyed by the radical political movements during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. After retiring from Stony Brook he returned as honorary director of Tsinghua University, Beijing, where he is the Huang Jibei – Lu Kaiqun professor at the Center for Advanced Study (CASTU).

Yang married Chih-li Tu (traditional Chinese: 杜致禮; pinyin: Dù Zhìlǐ), a teacher, in 1950 and has two sons and a daughter: Franklin Jr., Gilbert, and Eulee (in order of age). His father-in-law was the Kuomintang General Du Yuming. His wife died in the winter of 2003. At the age of 82, Yang became engaged to 28-year old Weng Fan (simplified Chinese: 翁帆; pinyin: Wēng Fān) who was studying for her master's degree at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. They married in early 2005. Due to his flaunting "marriage of the century" to a very conservative Chinese society, respect for Yang has deteriorated considerably in China. Currently, he is also facing some emabarrasing scrutiny on his academic integrity, or lack of, based on a new book just published in Beijing. (Check websites and newspapers in Beijing and Shanghai for the month of Dec 2009).

Awards

• Nobel Prize in Physics (1957)
• Rumford Prize (1980)
• National Medal of Science (1986)
• Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture and Medal (1988)
• Benjamin Franklin Medal (1993)
• Bower Award (1994)
• Albert Einstein Medal (1995)
• N. Bogoliubov Prize (1996)
• Lars Onsager Prize (1999)
• King Faisal International Prize (2001)

See also

• Parity violation
• Yang-Mills theory
• Yang-Baxter equation
• Yangian
• Lee–Yang theorem
• Wu-Yang monopole
• List of Ethnic Chinese Nobel laureates

Notes

1. ^ Bing-An Li, Yuefan Deng. "Biography of C.N. Yang" (PDF). http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu/~yang/yangbio.pdf. Retrieved 2007-09-11. "His birth date was erroneously recorded as September 22, 1922 in his 1945 passport. He has used this incorrect date on all subsequent official documents." 

References

• Yang, C.N. (1952) [1952]. Special problems of statistical mechanics. Seattle: University of Washington Press. ASIN B0007FZHH4. 
• Yang, C.N. (1963) [1961]. Elementary Particles: A Short History of Some Discoveries in Atomic Physics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ASIN B000E1CBGG. 
• Yang, C.N. (1983) [1983]. Selected papers 1945-1980, with commentary (Chen Ning Yang). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 071671406X. 
• "C.N. Yang Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP)". http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu. Retrieved 2008-01-05. 

External links

• Professor Chen Ning Yang (homepage - Institute for Advanced Study in Tsinghua University)
• Chen Ning Yang (homepage - State University of New York at Stony Brook)
• C.N. Yang's Home Page (homepage - The Chinese University of Hong Kong)
• Nobel biography
• Symmetries and Reflections (C.N. Yang retirement symposium at the State University of New York at Stony Brook)
• The CN Yang Scholars Programme at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

v • d • e Nobel Laureates in Physics John Cockcroft / Ernest Walton (1951) · Felix Bloch / Edward Purcell (1952) · Frits Zernike (1953) · Max Born / Walther Bothe (1954) · Willis Lamb / Polykarp Kusch (1955) · William Shockley / John Bardeen / Walter Brattain (1956) · Chen Yang / T. D. Lee (1957) · Pavel Cherenkov / Ilya Frank / Igor Tamm (1958) · Emilio G. Segrè / Owen Chamberlain (1959) · Donald A. Glaser (1960) · Robert Hofstadter / Rudolf Mössbauer (1961) · Lev Landau (1962) · E. P. Wigner / Maria Goeppert-Mayer / J. Hans D. Jensen (1963) · Charles Townes / Nikolay Basov / Alexander Prokhorov (1964) · Sin-Itiro Tomonaga / Julian Schwinger / Richard Feynman (1965) · Alfred Kastler (1966) · Hans Bethe (1967) · Luis Alvarez (1968) · Murray Gell-Mann (1969) · Hannes Alfvén / Louis Néel (1970) · Dennis Gabor (1971) · John Bardeen / Leon Cooper / John Schrieffer (1972) · Leo Esaki / Ivar Giaever / Brian Josephson (1973) · Martin Ryle / Antony Hewish (1974) · Aage Bohr / Ben Mottelson / James Rainwater (1975) Complete roster | (1901–1925) | (1926–1950) | (1951–1975) | (1976–2000) | (2001–present)

v • d • e National Medal of Science laureates   Behavioral and social science 1960s 1964: Roger Adams · Othmar H. Ammann · Theodosius Dobzhansky · Neal Elgar Miller 1980s 1986: Herbert A. Simon 1987: Anne Anastasi · George J. Stigler 1988: Milton Friedman 1990s 1990: Leonid Hurwicz · Patrick Suppes 1991: Robert W. Kates · George A. Miller 1992: Eleanor J. Gibson 1994: Robert K. Merton 1995: Roger N. Shepard 1996: Paul Samuelson 1997: William K. Estes 1998: William Julius Wilson 1999: Robert M. Solow 2000s 2000: Gary Becker 2001: George Bass 2003: R. Duncan Luce 2004: Kenneth Arrow 2005: Gordon H. Bower   Biological sciences 1960s 1963: C. B. van Niel 1964: Marshall W. Nirenberg 1965: Francis P. Rous · George G. Simpson · Donald D. Van Slyke 1966: Edward F. Knipling · Fritz Albert Lipmann · William C. Rose · Sewall Wright 1967: Kenneth S. Cole · Harry F. Harlow · Michael Heidelberger · Alfred H. Sturtevant 1968: Horace Barker · Bernard B. Brodie · Detlev W. Bronk · Jay Lush · Burrhus Frederic Skinner 1969: Robert Huebner · Ernst Mayr 1970s 1970: Barbara McClintock · Albert B. Sabin 1973: Daniel I. Arnon · Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. 1974: Britton Chance · Erwin Chargaff · James V. Neel · James Augustine Hannon 1975: Hallowell Davis · Paul Gyorgy · Sterling Brown Hendricks · Orville lvin Vogel 1976: Roger C.L. Guillemin · Keith Roberts Porter · Efraim Racker · E. O. Wilson 1979: Robert H. Burris · Elizabeth C. Crosby · Arthur Kornberg · Severo Ochoa · Earl Reece Stadtman · George Ledyard Stebbins · Paul Alfred Weiss 1980s 1981: Philip Handler 1982: Seymour Benzer · Glenn W. Burton · Mildred Cohn 1983: Howard L. Bachrach · Paul Berg · Wendell L. Roelofs · Berta Scharrer 1986: Stanley Cohen · Donald A. Henderson · Vernon B. Mountcastle · George Emil Palade · Joan A. Steitz 1987: Michael E. Debakey · Theodor O. Diener · Harry Eagle · Har Gobind Khorana · Rita Levi-Montalcini 1988: Michael S. Brown · Stanley N. Cohen · Joseph L. Goldstein · Maurice R. Hilleman · Eric R. Kandel · Rosalyn S. Yalow 1989: Katherine Esau · Viktor Hamburger · Philip Leder · Joshua Lederberg · Roger W. Sperry · Harland G. Wood 1990s 1990: Baruj Benacerraf · Herbert W. Boyer · Daniel E. Koshland, Jr. · Edward B. Lewis · David G. Nathan · E. Donnall Thomas 1991: Mary Ellen Avery · G. Evelyn Hutchinson · Elvin A. Kabat · Salvador Luria · Paul A. Marks · Folke K Skoog · Paul C. Zamecnik 1992: Maxine Singer · Howard M. Temin 1993: Daniel Nathans · Salome G. Waelsch 1994: Thomas Eisner · Elizabeth F. Neufeld 1995: Alexander Rich 1996: Ruth Patrick 1997: James D. Watson · Robert A. Weinberg 1998: Bruce Ames · Janet Rowley 1999: David Baltimore · Jared Diamond · Lynn Margulis 2000s 2000: Nancy C. Andreasen · Peter H. Raven · Carl Woese 2001: Francisco J. Ayala · Mario R. Capecchi · Ann M. Graybiel · Gene E. Likens · Victor A. McKusick · Harold Varmus 2002: James E. Darnell · Evelyn M. Witkin 2003: J. Michael Bishop · Solomon H. Snyder · Charles Yanofsky 2004: Norman E. Borlaug · Phillip A. Sharp · Thomas E. Starzl 2005: Anthony Fauci · Torsten N. Wiesel 2006: Rita R. Colwell · Nina Fedoroff · Lubert Stryer 2007: Robert J. Lefkowitz · Bert W. O'Malley   Chemistry 1980s 1982: F. Albert Cotton · Gilbert Stork 1983: Roald Hoffmann · George C. Pimentel · Richard N. Zare 1986: Harry B. Gray · Yuan Tseh Lee · Carl S. Marvel · Frank H. Westheimer 1987: William S. Johnson · Walter H. Stockmayer · Max Tishler 1988: William O. Baker · Konrad E. Bloch · Elias J. Corey 1989: Richard B. Bernstein · Melvin Calvin · Rudoph A. Marcus · Harden M. McConnell 1990s 1990: Elkan Blout · Karl Folkers · John D. Roberts 1991: Ronald Breslow · Gertrude B. Elion · Dudley R. Herschbach · Glenn T. Seaborg 1992: Howard E. Simmons, Jr. 1993: Donald J. Cram · Norman Hackerman 1994: George S. Hammond 1995: Thomas Cech · Isabella L. Karle 1996: Norman Davidson 1997: Darleane C. Hoffman · Harold S. Johnston 1998: John W. Cahn · George M. Whitesides 1999: Stuart A. Rice · John Ross · Susan Solomon 2000s 2000: John D. Baldeschwieler · Ralph F. Hirschmann 2001: Ernest R. Davidson · Gabor A. Somorjai 2002: John I. Brauman 2004: Stephen J. Lippard 2006: Marvin H. Caruthers · Peter B. Dervan 2007: Mostafa A. El-Sayed   Engineering sciences 1960s 1962: Theodore von Karman 1963: Vannevar Bush · John Robinson Pierce 1964: Charles S. Draper 1965: Hugh L. Dryden · Clarence L. Johnson · Warren K. Lewis 1966: Claude E. Shannon 1967: Edwin H. Land · Igor I. Sikorsky 1968: J. Presper Eckert · Nathan M. Newmark 1969: Jack St. Clair Kilby 1970s 1970: George E. Mueller 1973: Harold E. Edgerton · Richard T. Whitcomb 1974: Rudolf Kompfner · Ralph Brazelton Peck · Abel Wolman 1975: Manson Benedict · William Hayward Pickering · Frederick E. Terman · Wernher von Braun 1976: Morris Cohen · Peter C. Goldmark · Erwin Wilhelm Müller 1979: Emmett N. Leith · Raymond D. Mindlin · Robert N. Noyce · Earl R. Parker · Simon Ramo 1980s 1982: Edward H. Heinemann · Donald L. Katz 1983: William R. Hewlett · George M. Low · John G. Trump 1986: Hans Wolfgang Liepmann · T. Y. Lin · Bernard M. Oliver 1987: Robert B. Bird · H. Bolton Seed · Ernst Weber 1988: Daniel C. Drucker · Willis M. Hawkins · George W. Housner 1989: Harry George Drickamer · Herbert E. Grier 1990s 1990: Mildred S. Dresselhaus · Nick Holonyak Jr. 1991: George Heilmeier · Luna B. Leopold · H. Guyford Stever 1992: Calvin F. Quate · John Roy Whinnery 1993: Alfred Y. Cho 1994: Ray W. Clough 1995: Hermann A. Haus 1996: James L. Flanagan · C. Kumar N. Patel 1998: Eli Ruckenstein 1999: Kenneth N. Stevens 2000s 2000: Yuan-Cheng B. Fung 2001: Andreas Acrivos 2002: Leo Beranek 2003: John M. Prausnitz 2004: Edwin N. Lightfoot 2005: Jan D. Achenbach · Tobin J. Marks 2006: Robert S. Langer 2007: David J. Wineland   Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences 1960s 1963: Norbert Wiener 1964: Solomon Lefschetz · H. Marston Morse 1965: Oscar Zariski 1966: John Milnor 1967: Paul Cohen 1968: Jerzy Neyman 1969: William Feller 1970s 1970: Richard Brauer 1973: John Tukey 1974: Kurt Gödel 1975: John W. Backus · Shiing-Shen Chern · George Dantzig 1976: Kurt Otto Friedrichs · Hassler Whitney 1979: Joseph Leo Doob · Donald E. Knuth 1980s 1982: Marshall Harvey Stone 1983: Herman Goldstine · Isadore Singer 1986: Peter Lax · Antoni Zygmund 1987: Raoul Bott · Michael Freedman 1988: Ralph E. Gomory · Joseph B. Keller 1989: Samuel Karlin · Saunders MacLane · Donald C. Spencer 1990s 1990: George F. Carrier · Stephen Cole Kleene · John McCarthy 1991: Alberto Calderón 1992: Allen Newell 1993: Martin David Kruskal 1994: John Cocke 1995: Louis Nirenberg 1996: Richard Karp · Stephen Smale 1997: Shing-Tung Yau 1998: Cathleen Synge Morawetz 1999: Felix Browder · Ronald R. Coifman 2000s 2000: John Griggs Thompson · Karen K. Uhlenbeck 2001: Calyampudi R. Rao · Elias M. Stein 2002: James G. Glimm 2003: Carl R. de Boor 2004: Dennis P. Sullivan 2005: Bradley Efron 2006: Hyman Bass 2007: Leonard Kleinrock · Andrew J. Viterbi   Physical sciences 1960s 1963: Luis W. Alvarez 1964: Julian Schwinger · Harold Clayton Urey · Robert Burns Woodward 1965: John Bardeen · Peter Debye · Leon M. Lederman · William Rubey 1966: Jacob Bjerknes · Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar · Henry Eyring · John H. Van Vleck · Vladimir K. Zworykin 1967: Jesse Beams · Francis Birch · Gregory Breit · Louis Hammett · George Kistiakowsky 1968: Paul Bartlett · Herbert Friedman · Lars Onsager · Eugene Wigner 1969: Herbert C. Brown · Wolfgang Panofsky 1970s 1970: Robert H. Dicke · Allan R. Sandage · John C. Slater · John A. Wheeler · Saul Winstein 1973: Carl Djerassi · Maurice Ewing · Arie Jan Haagen-Smit · Vladimir Haensel · Frederick Seitz · Robert Rathbun Wilson 1974: Nicolaas Bloembergen · Paul Flory · William Alfred Fowler · Linus Carl Pauling · Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer 1975: Hans A. Bethe · Joseph Hirschfelder · Lewis Sarett · E. Bright Wilson · Chien-Shiung Wu 1976: Samuel Goudsmit · Herbert S. Gutowsky · Frederick Rossini · Verner Suomi · Henry Taube · George Uhlenbeck 1979: Richard P. Feynman · Herman Mark · Edward M. Purcell · John Sinfelt · Lyman Spitzer · Victor F. Weisskopf 1980s 1982: Philip W. Anderson · Yoichiro Nambu · Edward Teller · Charles H. Townes 1983: E. Margaret Burbidge · Maurice Goldhaber · Helmut Landsberg · Walter Munk · Frederick Reines · Bruno B. Rossi · J. Robert Schrieffer 1986: Solomon Buchsbaum · Horace Crane · Herman Feshbach · Robert Hofstadter · Chen Ning Yang 1987: Philip Abelson · Walter Elsasser · Paul C. Lauterbur · George Pake · James A. Van Allen 1988: D. Allan Bromley · Paul Ching-Wu Chu · Walter Kohn · Norman F. Ramsey · Jack Steinberger 1989: Arnold O. Beckman · Eugene Parker · Robert Sharp · Henry Stommel 1990s 1990: Allan M. Cormack · Edwin M. McMillan · Robert Pound · Roger Revelle 1991: Arthur L. Schawlow · Ed Stone · Steven Weinberg 1992: Eugene M. Shoemaker 1993: Val Fitch · Vera Rubin 1994: Albert Overhauser · Frank Press 1995: Hans Dehmelt · Peter Goldreich 1996: Wallace S. Broecker 1997: Marshall Rosenbluth · Martin Schwarzschild · George Wetherill 1998: Don L. Anderson · John N. Bahcall 1999: James Cronin · Leo Kadanoff 2000s 2000: Willis E. Lamb · Jeremiah P. Ostriker · Gilbert F. White 2001: Marvin L. Cohen · Raymond Davis Jr. · Charles Keeling 2002: Richard Garwin · W. Jason Morgan · Edward Witten 2003: G. Brent Dalrymple · Riccardo Giacconi 2004: Robert N. Clayton 2005: Ralph A. Alpher · Lonnie Thompson 2006: Daniel Kleppner 2007: Fay Ajzenberg-Selove · Charles P. Slichter

Persondata
NAME	Yang, Chen Ning Franklin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	楊振寧 (Chinese)
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Nobel Prize-winning physicist
DATE OF BIRTH	October 1, 1922
PLACE OF BIRTH	Hefei, Anhui, China
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

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