Chlorpropamide

(pharmacology) C₃H₇NHCONHSO₂C₆H₄Cl A crystalline compound with a melting point of 127-129°C; soluble in alcohol; used in the treatment of diabetes.

Drug used in the treatment of diabetes; it stimulates secretion of insulin. An oral hypoglycaemic agent.

trade names: ApoChlorpromide, Diabinese; drug class: antidiabetic, first generation sulfonylurea; action: causes functioning beta-cells in pancreas to release insulin, leading to drop in blood glucose levels; uses: stable adult-on-set diabetes mellitus type II.

Brand names: Diabinese®Insulase™

Chemical formula:

Español:
• Clorpropamida, Tableta oral

Chlorpropamide Oral tablet

What is this medicine?

CHLORPROPAMIDE (klor PROE pa mide) helps to treat type 2 diabetes. Treatment is combined with diet and exercise. This drug helps your body to use insulin better.
 
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•diabetic ketoacidosis
•glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
•heart disease
•kidney disease
•liver disease
•porphyria
•severe infection or injury
•thyroid disease
•an unusual or allergic reaction to chlorpropamide, sulfonamides, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding

How should I use this medicine?

Take this medicine by mouth. Swallow with a drink of water. Follow the directions on the prescription label. If you take this medicine once a day, take it with breakfast. Take your medicine at the same time each day. Do not take more often than directed.

Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

Elderly patients over 65 years old may have a stronger reaction and need a smaller dose.

Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.

What may interact with this medicine?

•bosentan
•chloramphenicol
•cisapride
•clarithromycin
•medicines for fungal or yeast infections
•metoclopramide
•probenecid
•warfarin
 
Many medications may cause an increase or decrease in blood sugar, these include:
•alcohol containing beverages
•aspirin and aspirin-like drugs
•chloramphenicol
•chromium
•female hormones, like estrogens or progestins and birth control pills
•heart medicines
•isoniazid
•male hormones or anabolic steroids
•medicines for weight loss
•medicines for allergies, asthma, cold, or cough
•medicines for mental problems
•medicines called MAO Inhibitors like Nardil, Parnate, Marplan, Eldepryl
•niacin
•NSAIDs, medicines for pain and inflammation, like ibuprofen or naproxen
•pentamidine
•phenytoin
•probenecid
•quinolone antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin
•some herbal dietary supplements
•steroid medicines like prednisone or cortisone
•thyroid medicine
•water pills or diuretics
 
This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.

What should I watch for while using this medicine?

Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular checks on your progress. Learn how to check your blood sugar. Tell your doctor or health care professional if your blood sugar is high, you might need to change the dose of your medicine. If you are sick or exercising more than usual, you might need to change the dose of your medicine. Do not skip meals. Ask your doctor or health care professional if you should avoid alcohol. If you have symptoms of low blood sugar, eat or drink something containing sugar at once and contact your doctor or health care professional. Make sure family members know that you can choke if you eat or drink when you develop serious symptoms of low blood sugar, like seizures or unconsciousness. They must get medical help at once.

This medicine can make you more sensitive to the sun. Keep out of the sun. If you cannot avoid being in the sun, wear protective clothing and use sunscreen. Do not use sun lamps or tanning beds/booths.

Wear a medical identification bracelet or chain to say you have diabetes, and carry a card that lists all your medications.

What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?

Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•breathing problems
•dark urine
•fever, chills, sore throat
•low blood sugar (ask your doctor or healthcare professional for a list of symptoms associated with low blood sugar)
•unusual bleeding, bruising
•yellowing of the eyes, skin

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•diarrhea
•headache
•heartburn
•nausea, vomiting
•stomach discomfort

This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

Where should I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store at room temperature below 30 degrees C (86 degrees F). Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.

Last updated: 7/1/2002

Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.

A first generation sulfonylurea derivative, used as an oral hypoglycemic drug in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Chlorpropamide
Systematic (IUPAC) name
4-chloro-N-(propylcarbamoyl)benzenesulfonamide
Identifiers
CAS number	94-20-2
ATC code	A10BB02
PubChem	2727
DrugBank	APRD00029
ChemSpider	2626
Chemical data
Formula	C10H13ClN2O3S
Mol. mass	276.74 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	36 hours
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Licence data	US FDA:link
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	?
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Chlorpropamide is a drug in the sulphonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is a long-acting sulphonylurea. It has more side effects than other sulphonylureas and its use is no longer recommended.

Mechanism of action

Like other sulphonylureas, chlorpropamide acts to increase the secretion of insulin, so it is only effective in patients who have some pancreatic beta cell function. It can cause relatively long episodes of hypoglycemia; this is one reason why shorter-acting sulfonylureas such as gliclazide or tolbutamide are used instead. The risk of hypoglycemia makes this drug a poor choice for the elderly and patients with mild to moderate hepatic and renal impairment.

Cautions and contraindications

Chlorpropamide and other sulphonylureas encourage weight gain, so they are generally not favored for use in very obese patients. Metformin is considered a better drug for these patients. Sulfonylureas should be avoided in patients with hepatic and renal impairment, patients with porphyria, patients who are breastfeeding, and patients with ketoacidosis. Not indicated for patients more than 65 years of age.

Other side effects

Other side effects of chlorpropamide include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. It may cause facial flushing after the ingestion of alcohol. It may increase secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which can lead to hypernatremia.

v • d • e Oral anti-diabetic drugs and Insulin analogs (A10) Insulin Sensitizers Biguanides Metformin# · Buformin‡ · Phenformin‡ TZDs (PPAR) Pioglitazone · Rivoglitazone† · Rosiglitazone · Troglitazone‡ Dual PPAR agonists Aleglitazar† · Muraglitazar§ · Tesaglitazar§ Secretagogues K+ ATP Sulfonylureas 1st generation: Acetohexamide · Carbutamide · Chlorpropamide · Gliclazide · Tolbutamide · Tolazamide 2nd generation: Glibenclamide (Glyburide)# · Glipizide · Gliquidone · Glyclopyramide 3rd generation: Glimepiride Meglitinides/"glinides" Nateglinide · Repaglinide · Mitiglinide GLP-1 analogs Exenatide · Liraglutide · Albiglutide† DPP-4 inhibitors Alogliptin† · Linagliptin† · Saxagliptin · Sitagliptin · Vildagliptin Analogs/other insulins fast acting (Insulin lispro · Insulin aspart · Insulin glulisine) · Short acting (Insulin Regular) · long acting (Insulin glargine · Insulin detemir) · Inhalable insulin (Exubera)‡ · NPH insulin Other Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Acarbose · Miglitol · Voglibose Amylin analog Pramlintide SGLT2 inhibitor Dapagliflozin† · Remogliflozin† · Sergliflozin† Other Benfluorex · Tolrestat‡ #WHO-EM. ‡Withdrawn from market. CLINICAL TRIALS: †Phase III. §Never to phase III

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