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Mathewson, 1909 (credit: Culver Pictures)
Mathewson, 1909 (credit: Culver Pictures)
For more information on Christy Mathewson, visit Britannica.com.
Christy Mathewson
| Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: Christy Mathewson |
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| Biography: Christy Mathewson |
Christy Mathewson (1880-1925) was a much-admired American sports hero in the early part of the twentieth century. Educated and self-confident, he was a role model for the youth of his era and one of baseball's greatest pitchers. Mathewson won 373 games in 17 seasons and was among the "Immortal Five" players who were the first inductees into major league baseball's Hall of Fame.
The charismatic Mathewson was one of the smartest and most talented pitchers of any era. Except for a short stint with the Cincinnati Reds at the close of his career, Mathewson spent his entire career pitching for John McGraw's New York Giants, one of the best teams of base-ball's so-called "dead-ball era." He became a protege and friend of McGraw, one of baseball's greatest managers. Mathewson appeared in four World Series with the Giants. He finished third on the all-time list in victories and shutouts. When his career ended, he spent three seasons as manager of the Reds. Mathewson died at age 45 from tuberculosis, contracted from exposure to poison gas while serving in World War I.
Makings of a Star
Born in the small mill town of Factoryville, Pennsylvania, just north of Scranton, Mathewson was the oldest of five children. His Protestant parents were staunchly religious and wanted him to become a minister. He grew up into a handsome, blond, blue-eyed, broad-shouldered, athletic, and intellectual young man-a paragon of the prized male attributes of his day.
Spurning the ministry, Mathewson enrolled at Bucknell University. There, he was president of his class while starring in baseball, basketball and football. In football he was an accomplished field goal kicker. In 1899 Mathewson turned professional, playing minor league baseball with Taunton. The next season, he went to Norfolk and compiled a 20-2 record, which earned him plenty of attention from major league scouts. The New York Giants signed him to a contract, offering him a $1,500 bonus. They brought him right to the majors during the 1900 season, but Mathewson won none of his five starts and was sent back to Norfolk.
In 1901 the Cincinnati Reds drafted Mathewson for $100. Before the season started the Reds traded him back to the Giants for pitcher Amos Rusie. It proved to be one of the most lopsided trades in baseball history. Rusie eventually made it to baseball's Hall of Fame, but he was at the end of his long career, had not pitched in two years because of a sore arm, and would never win another game. Mathewson went on to win 372 games for the Giants before returning to the Reds for one final victory in 1916. The explanation for the deal was that Reds' owner John Bush was about to buy the Giants, and he wanted fresh young arms on his new team.
All-American Hero
In his first full season for the Giants, Mathewson won twenty games and lost seventeen. On Opening Day in 1902, he shut out Philadelphia but ended up that season with a losing record of fourteen wins and seventeen defeats. The next year, he began a twelve-year stretch of dominance in which he averaged 26 wins a season and compiled four thirty-win years. Mathewson won 317 games and lost only 133 games in that span. He was the dominant pitcher in the National League, leading his league in wins four times, in earned run average five times, and in strikeouts five times.
The renowned tactician John McGraw immediately took Mathewson under his wing after becoming Giants manager in 1903. That spring, Mathewson and his new wife, Jane, a Sunday school teacher, celebrated their honeymoon at the Giants' training camp. McGraw's wife Blanche became close friends with Jane Mathewson. When the team returned to New York, the McGraws and Mathewsons shared a ground-floor apartment near Central Park. They remained close throughout Mathewson's life.
Mathewson became a huge fan favorite in New York after he led the team to a National League championship in 1904 while compiling a record of thirty-three wins and twelve losses. McGraw refused to play in the World Series because he considered Boston, the champions of the upstart American League, too lowly to challenge. In 1905 the Giants easily won the pennant again. This time McGraw agreed to face the Philadelphia Athletics in the World Series. Mathewson electrified the nation by pitching three shutouts in the five-game series. In the three games, he gave up fourteen hits and walked only one batter. His feats made him the new century's first modern sports icon.
Few major league ballplayers at the turn of the century were college graduates, and Mathewson stood out, both on and off the field. He projected a patrician air of pride and nobility, even though he could sometimes be brutally honest. "You must have an alibi to show why you lost," he once told a reporter. "If you haven't one, you must fake one. Your self-confidence must be maintained."
Mathewson was nicknamed "Big Six" by his team-mates because he measured six feet, quite tall for that era. Cut straight from the mold of the clean-cut fictional collegiate sport hero of the era, Frank Merriwell, Mathewson became "something of a paragon, really the first professional athlete to function as a role model for America's youth," according to baseball historian Charles Alexander. Sunday games were rarely played in those days because of blue laws, but when they were, Mathewson refused to suit up, because he said he had promised his mother that he never would work on the Sabbath. In an era when baseball was the undisputed national pastime, sportswriters constantly polished Mathewson's image. The legendary writer Grantland Rice called Mathewson "the knightliest of all the game's paladins."
In stark contrast, McGraw's Giants were a brawling, rowdy outfit, with the manager one of the fiercest competitors in the game. McGraw often baited and fought umpires, and his players bullied and intimidated other teams. Mathewson's own behavior did not always match his sterling reputation. He threw wicked brushback pitches at batters' heads, chewed out umpires, and occasionally threw punches during the Giants' many on-field brawls. Revealing his contempt for umpires, he once said: "Many baseball fans look upon an umpire as a sort of necessary evil to the luxury of baseball, like the odor that follows an automobile." During one brawl in 1904, Mathewson reportedly knocked down a boy selling lemonade near the Giants' bench. Contradicting his clean-cut image, he occasionally drank beer, played poker and smoked cigars, but these habits were rarely reported in the popular press.
A Will to Win
Like his legendary manager, Mathewson hated to lose. He used all his wits in battle. His memory was so sharp that he would often take on eight teammates in checkers. On the field, he studied and memorized his opponents' weaknesses. He never made a mistake a second time against a batter. He had command of four pitches-a screwball, a wicked curveball, a chance of pace, and a respectable though not overpowering fastball. His screwball, then called a fadeaway, was his trademark pitch. "Anybody's best pitch is the one the batters aren't hitting that day," he said famously.
Despite his obvious talents, Mathewson's greatest weapons were his intelligence, his composure and his remarkable control. He issued only 1.3 walks per game in his career. In 1913 he pitched sixty-eight consecutive innings without giving up a walk. With his great control and intellectual approach to pitching, Mathewson might be compared to the Atlanta Braves' star of the 1990s, Greg Maddux.
In the spring of 1906, Mathewson came down with diphtheria. He never regained his full strength that season, yet still managed to win twenty-two games. Two years later, Mathewson had his finest year, winning an amazing thirty-seven of his forty-four starts and pitching thirty-four complete games and 390 innings. The thirty-seven victories set a post-1900 baseball record that has never been broken. His earned run average in that season of 1908 was a low 1.43, and the following year it was even better, a remarkable 1.14.
McGraw occasionally used Mathewson in relief. In one game in 1908, with the Giants leading 4-1 in the ninth, Mathewson had already showered and dressed in street clothes. But when the Giants' Joe McGinnity walked the bases loaded, McGraw called for Mathewson. Still dripping wet, he went to the mound hatless and in street shoes and speedily retired the side.
The 1908 race went down to the wire. To determine the National League winner, officials ordered a disputed tie game between the Giants and Cubs replayed at the end of the season. A rowdy, overflow crowd at the Polo Grounds in New York heaped abuse on the Cubs and adulation on Mathewson. As he entered the field in a long linen duster, the crowd roared, "Fadeaway, Matty!" But the Cubs won the game when the Giants' center fielder ignored Mathewson's pleas to back up, and Joe Tinker hit a triple over his head. "I never had less on the ball in my life," Mathewson later admitted.
World Series Thrills
The Giants returned to the World Series in 1911 against the Philadelphia Athletics. During the series, a New York Herald baseball reporter paid Mathewson $500 for the privilege of ghost writing a column under the pitcher's name. In the opening game, Mathewson won 2-1, throwing a complete game with only ninety-two pitches. In the second game, Giants' pitcher Rube Marquard gave up a game-winning homer to A's slugger Frank Baker. Mathewson's column the next morning criticized Marquard for throwing a pitch to Baker that McGraw had warned him not to throw. But in the ninth inning of the third game, with the Giants leading 1-0, Mathewson served up a home run ball to Baker. Mathewson eventually lost that game and another, and the Giants lost the series, four games to two.
In 1912 Mathewson started three more World Series games, but did not win any of them, and the Giants lost to the Boston Red Sox, four games to three. In the final game Mathewson had a 2-1 lead in the tenth inning when out-fielder Fred Snodgrass dropped a fly ball. Then Mathewson and first baseman Fred Merkle let a catchable foul ball drop, giving Tris Speaker a second chance, and Speaker delivered a game-winning hit.
In 1913 Mathewson finally won his fifth World Series game, a 3-0 win in ten innings. However, it was the Giants' only win of the Series, which would be Mathewson's last. Mathewson still holds the all-time World Series records of four shutouts and ten complete games. His World Series earned run average was a microscopic 1.15. All five of his Series losses were due to lack of run support from his team-mates.
Untimely End
After his dozen brilliant seasons, Mathewson faded quickly. In 1915, troubled by back and shoulder pain, he won only eight games. The next season the Cincinnati club wanted Mathewson to be their new manager, and McGraw obliged by trading his friend.
Mathewson managed the Reds for three seasons without getting them into contention. His most notable move as manager was suspending first baseman Hal Chase for "indifferent playing." Mathewson knew Chase was involved with gamblers and suspected him of throwing games. It was a bold move in an era when gambling encroached on the sport's integrity.
In 1918 Mathewson enlisted in the Army to fight in World War I. He was gassed by friendly forces in a training exercise. The poison gas caused tuberculosis. Mathewson returned to the Giants to coach for three more seasons under his old friend McGraw, and later served as a part-time owner and president of the Boston Braves. But his poor health eventually forced him into a tuberculosis sanitarium at Lake Saranac, New York. There he died, on the first day of the 1925 World Series, at the age of forty-five. Mathewson was buried at Bucknell College, and McGraw served as a pallbearer at the funeral.
Mathewson's 373 wins put him in a tie for third on the all-time list. His career earned run average of 2.13 ranks fifth. He is third with eighty career shutouts. He was honored posthumously for his sports achievements as one of the original five players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936.
Books
Alexander, Charles C., John McGraw, Penguin, 1988.
The Ballplayers, edited by Mike Shatzkin, William Morrow, 1990.
The Baseball Encyclopedia, MacMillan, 1997.
Cantor, George, Inside Sports World Series Fact Book, Visible Ink, Detroit, 1996.
Davis, Mac, Hall of Fame Baseball, Collins/World, 1975.
Light, Jonathan Fraser, The Cultural Encyclopedia of Baseball, McFarland and Co., 1997.
Seymour, Harold, Baseball: The Golden Age, Oxford University Press, 1971.
Sullivan, George, Pitchers: Twenty-Seven of Baseball's Greatest, Atheneum, 1994.
Online
"Christy Mathewson," Baseball Almanac,http://baseballalmanac.com/quomath.shtml.
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Christy Mathewson |
Mathewson, Christy (Christopher Mathewson) (măth'əsən, -yəsən), 1880-1925, American baseball player, b. Factoryville, Pa., grad. Bucknell Univ., 1902. A righthander, he joined the Cincinnati Red Legs in 1901 and was traded to the New York Giants. Under John J. McGraw, Mathewson won 373 games and struck out 2,499 batters before he retired from active play in 1918. In three consecutive seasons (1903-5) Mathewson won 30 games or more, and in 1905 he led the Giants in their World Series victory over the Philadelphia Athletics by pitching three shutouts in six days. He pitched two no-hit games and in 1908 recorded 37 victories; he was traded (1916) to the Cincinnati Red Legs and successfully managed the team until 1918, when he joined the army in World War I. He became a victim of poison gas in France. He returned to baseball in 1923 as president of the Boston Braves, but he died of tuberculosis shortly after. In 1936 he was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
| Wikipedia: Christy Mathewson |
| Christy Mathewson | |
|---|---|
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| Pitcher | |
| Born: August 12, 1880 Factoryville, Pennsylvania, United States |
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| Died: October 7, 1925 (aged 45) Saranac Lake, New York, United States |
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| Batted: Right | Threw: Right |
| MLB debut | |
| July 17, 1900 for the New York Giants | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 4, 1916 for the Cincinnati Reds | |
| Career statistics | |
| Win-Loss record | 373-188 |
| Earned run average | 2.13 |
| Strikeouts | 2,502 |
| Shutouts | 79 |
| Teams | |
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As Player As Manager |
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| Career highlights and awards | |
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| Member of the National | |
 Baseball Hall of Fame |
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| Induction | 1936 |
| Vote | 90.7% (first ballot) |
Christopher "Christy" Mathewson (August 12, 1880 – October 7, 1925), nicknamed "Big Six", "The Christian Gentleman", or "Matty", was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played in what is known as the dead-ball era; and in 1936 was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its "first five" inaugural members.
Contents |
Early life
Mathewson was born in Factoryville, Pennsylvania and attended Bucknell University, where he served as class president and played on the school's football and baseball teams.[1] He was also a member of the fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta.[2] His first experience of semi-professional baseball came in 1895, when he was just 14 years old.[3] The manager of the Factoryville ball club asked him to pitch in a game with a rival team in Mill City, Pennsylvania.[3] Mathewson helped his hometown team to a 19–victory, but with his batting rather than his pitching.[3] He continued to play baseball during his years at Bucknell, pitching for minor league teams in Honesdale and Meridian, Pennsylvania.[4]
Professional career
Minor league career & early major league career
In 1899, Mathewson left college and signed to play professional baseball with Taunton of the New England League. The next season, he moved on to play on the Norfolk team of the Virginia-North Carolina League. He finished that season with a 20-2 record.[5]
In July of that year, the New York Giants purchased his contract from Norfolk for $1,500.[6].[5] Between July and September 1900 Mathewson appeared in six games for the Giants. He started one of those games and compiled a 0-3 record. Displeased with his performance, the Giants returned him to Norfolk and demanded their money back.[5] Later that month, the Cincinnati Reds picked up Mathewson off the Norfolk roster. On December 15, 1900, the Reds quickly traded Mathewson back to the Giants for Amos Rusie.[6]
Career with the Giants
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During his 17-year career, Mathewson won 373 games and lost 188 for an outstanding .665 winning percentage. His career ERA of 2.13 and 79 career shutouts are among the best all-time for pitchers and his 373 wins is still number one in the National League, tied with Grover Cleveland Alexander. Employing a good fastball, outstanding control, and, especially, a new pitch he termed the "fadeaway" (later known in baseball as the "screwball"), which he learned from teammate Dave Williams in 1898[7], Mathewson recorded 2,502 career strikeouts against only 844 walks. He is famous for his 25 pitching duels with Mordecai "Three Finger" Brown, who won 13 of the duels against Mathewson's 11, with one no-decision.[8]
Mathewson's Giants won the 1905 World Series over the Philadelphia Athletics. Mathewson was the starting pitcher in Game 1, and pitched a 4-hit shutout for the victory. Three days later, with the series tied 1-1, he pitched another 4-hit shutout. Then, two days later in Game 5, he threw a 6-hit shutout to clinch the series for the Giants. In a span of only six days, Mathewson had pitched three complete games without allowing a run.
The 1905 World Series capped an impressive year for Mathewson as he had already won the National League Triple Crown for pitchers, and threw the second no-hitter of his career. He claimed the Triple Crown again in 1908, and by the time he left the Giants, the team had captured four more National League pennants, in addition to the aforementioned 1905 appearance in the World Series.[1]
As noted in The National League Story (1961) by Lee Allen, Matty never pitched on Sunday. The impact of this on the Giants was minimized, since, in the eight-team National league, only the Chicago Cubs (Illinois), Cincinnati Reds (Ohio), and St. Louis Cardinals (Missouri), played home games in states that allowed professional sports on Sunday.
Along with his brother Henry Mathewson, he holds the major league record for combined wins by brothers playing for the same team: Christy 373, Henry 0.
Three years with the Reds
On July 20, 1916, Mathewson's career came full circle when he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds along with Edd Roush. He won one game with the Reds and served as their manager for the next three seasons.
Mathewson and Brown wrapped their respective careers by squaring off on September 4, 1916. The game was billed as the final meeting between the two old baseball warriors. The high-scoring game was a win for Mathewson's Reds over Brown's Cubs.
WWI and after
In 1918, Mathewson enlisted in the United States Army for World War I. He served overseas as a Captain in the newly formed Chemical Service along with Ty Cobb. While in France, during a training exercise he was accidentally gassed and consequently developed tuberculosis.[1] Although he returned to serve as a coach for the Giants from 1919–1920, he spent a good portion of that time in Saranac Lake fighting the illness, initially at the Trudeau Sanitorium, and later in a house that he had built.[5] In 1923, Mathewson got back into professional baseball when he served as part-time president of the Boston Braves.
Death and legacy
Two years later, he died in Saranac Lake, New York. He is buried at Lewisburg Cemetery in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Members of the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Washington Senators wore black armbands during the 1925 World Series. Mathewson had died on the day the Series began, October 7.
- Christy Mathewson Day is celebrated as a holiday in his hometown of Factoryville, Pennsylvania, on the Saturday closest to his birthday.
- Bucknell's football stadium is named "Christy Mathewson-Memorial Stadium."
- Hall of Fame pitcher Tom Seaver has often been compared with Mathewson.
Singer/pianist/songwriter Dave Frishberg's song "Matty" is a sentimental tribute to Christy. The song may be found on Frishberg's albums "Quality Time" and "Let's Eat Home," plus a live version on "Retromania: At the Jazz Bakery," which contains other baseball related songs). Frishberg's liner notes and occasional commentary to his audience help explain the background to many of these songs.
- Mathewson is mentioned in the poem "Lineup for Yesterday" by Ogden Nash:
| Lineup for Yesterday |
|---|
| M is for Matty, Who carried a charm In the form of an extra brain in his arm. |
| — Ogden Nash, Sport magazine (January 1949)[9] |
Baseball honors
- In 1936, Christy Mathewson was voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of the famous "First Five" inductees into the HOF, along with Babe Ruth, Ty Cobb, Walter Johnson and Honus Wagner. He was the only one of the five who didn't live to see his induction.[10]
- His jersey, denoted as "NY", has been retired by the Giants and hangs in the left-field corner of AT&T Park. Uniform numbers were not used in those days.
- In 1999, he ranked number 7 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, the highest-ranking National League pitcher.
- ESPN selected his pitching performance in the 1905 World Series as the greatest playoff performance of all time.[11] During WW II, a 422 foot Liberty Ship named in his honor, SS Christy Mathewson, was built in Richmond, CA in 1943.
Statistics
|
Pitching
|
Hitting
| G | AB | H | 2B | 3B | HR | R | RBI | SB | BB | SO | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS |
| 646 | 1,684 | 362 | 50 | 12 | 7 | 151 | 165 | 20 | 116 | 74 * | .215 | .272 | .271 | .543 |
* Strikeouts not counted for batters until 1910 in the NL, 1913 in the AL.
See also
- 300 win club
- List of Major League Baseball leaders in career wins
- Triple Crown
- List of Major League Baseball saves champions
- List of Major League Baseball strikeout champions
- List of Major League Baseball wins champions
- Top 100 strikeout pitchers of all time
- Major League Baseball titles leaders
- List of Major League Baseball no-hitters
Notes
- ^ a b c "Christy Mathewson". HistoricBaseball.com. http://www.historicbaseball.com/players/m/mathewson_christy.html. Retrieved 2006-10-28.
- ^ "Christy Mathewson". Phigam.org. http://www.phigam.org/famousFijis.aspx?famid=57&pageid=96. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ a b c Kashatus (2002), p. 27.
- ^ Kashatus (2002), p. 33.
- ^ a b c d "Christy Mathewson". BaseballLibrary.com. http://www.baseballlibrary.com/ballplayers/player.php?name=Christy_Mathewson_1878. Retrieved 2006-10-28.
- ^ a b "Christy Mathewson". Baseball-Reference.com. http://www.baseball-reference.com/m/mathech01.shtml. Retrieved 2007-01-31.
- ^ Bill James and Rob Neyer (2004). The Neyer/James Guide to Pitchers. p. 296.
- ^ "The Ballplayers: Christy Mathewson". BaseballLibrary.com. (September 4, 1916). http://www.baseballlibrary.com/ballplayers/player.php?name=Christy_Mathewson_1878&page=chronology. Retrieved 2009-04-03.
- ^ "Line-Up For Yesterday by Ogden Nash". Ogden Nash. Sport Magazine. http://www.baseball-almanac.com/poetry/po_line.shtml. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ Kashatus (2002), p. 120.
- ^ "50 Greatest Playoff Performances". espn.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/playoffs2006/greatest50?index=1. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
References
- Kashatus, William C. (2002). Diamonds in the Coalfields: 21 Remarkable Baseball Players, Managers, and Umpires from Northeast Pennsylvania. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company. ISBN 9780786411764.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Christy Mathewson |
- Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube
- Baseball Hall of Fame – Member biography
- christymathewson.com Official site
- Christy Mathewson at Find a Grave Retrieved on 2009-5-14
- Baseball Almanac list of brothers
- SABR Christy Mathewson biography
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Mentioned in
- Legendary Greats (1960 Sports & Recreation Film)
- death on (Idiom)
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- Giants-White Sox (1914 Film)
- The Kid from Left Field (1953 Comedy Drama Film)
- Retromania: At the Jazz Bakery (2006 Album by Dave Frishberg)
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- Christy Mathewson-Memorial Stadium
