Leukemia is a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the abnormal production of white blood cells, which are essential for the immune system. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces large numbers of abnormal white blood cells that do not function properly. These leukemia cells can crowd out normal blood cells, leading to problems with blood clotting, anemia, and a weakened immune system.
There are different types of leukemia, and they are classified based on the type of white blood cell affected (lymphoid or myeloid) and whether the disease is acute or chronic. Acute leukemia progresses rapidly and requires immediate treatment, while chronic leukemia progresses more slowly and may not cause symptoms for many years.
Common types of leukemia include acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The specific type of leukemia and its classification influence the treatment approach and prognosis for individuals affected by the disease.
