church

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noun

Those who accept and practice a particular religious belief: communion, denomination, faith, persuasion, sect. See religion.

adjective

Of or relating to a church or to an established religion: churchly, ecclesiastical, religious, spiritual. See religion.

As appears in many entries in this book, a remarkable number of English calendar customs are associated with churches, even though they now contain no religious elements. Sometimes, their dates link them to saints’ days; sometimes, as with ales, wakes, and rushbearing, they were a way of raising funds for the church and supplying its needs. The further back one explores the historical record, the more one sees church buildings functioning as centres for community events, secular as well as sacred, while for individuals they were places where major life-cycle rites were held, and the dead visibly commemorated; unlike castles and manor houses, they were used by all classes, not merely the élite. Their interiors, brightly painted and crammed with statues, murals, lamps, candles, draperies, and votive offerings, gave work to local craftsmen; in some regions, notably East Anglia, wholesale rebuilding and modernization of churches was undertaken as a proud statement of economic prosperity.

Symbolically, a church could represent its whole community—a fact neatly expressed by various taunting rhymes in which ‘steeple’ and ‘people’ are jointly mocked:

Dirty Tredington, wooden steeple,
Funny parson, wicked people.

(Gloucestershire)

It is also notable that traditions about coastal villages abandoned to the encroaching sea commonly have the poetic detail that the church can still be glimpsed under water, or that its bells still ring in stormy weather. Along the Welsh Border, there is a cluster of legends about lakes and pools in which villages were miraculously engulfed because of some crime or impiety, and again the loss of the church is stressed (Burne, 1883: 64-73; Leather, 1912: 11).

A type of legend found throughout England purports to explain why a church comes to stand where it does, by alleging that supernatural events guided the builders; naturally, such tales generally apply to those which are inconveniently sited in relation to the village they serve. Sometimes the story has religious overtones; just as cows, wandering freely, brought the Ark of the Covenant to an appropriate halting-place (1 Samuel 6: 8-14), so the site for Clodock Church (Herefordshire) was indicated when oxen drawing St Clydawg's bier stood still (Leather, 1912: 214). More often, it is said that the work had been started elsewhere, but every night what had been built by day was torn down, and the stones shifted—by fairies, or the Devil, or an invisible force—till the builders gave in and adopted the new site. Animals can play a role here too: at Winwick (Lancashire) the builders mistakenly thought they were raising their church on the precise spot where St Oswald died, but a pig carried the stones away one by one in its mouth to the right place, so a pig is carved on the church wall.

Some churches have structural oddities which call for explanation—for instance, when the weight of shingles twists a spire like a corkscrew. At Chesterfield (Derbyshire), where the effect is very pronounced, there are at least two stories to account for it: that the Devil, enraged by the bells, wrenched the spire round as he flew past; or, that a bride who was a virgin was arriving for her wedding, and the spire, amazed at her unheard-of virtue, turned to stare at her, and got stuck. At West Tarring (Sussex) the twist is only slight, yet enough to cause a story that the architect made an error in his plans, and flung himself off the spire (or off Beachy Head) in despair at the sad result [JS].

Large boulders near a church are sometimes said to be missiles which the Devil vainly aimed at it, the most dramatic example being the huge prehistoric stone at Rudston (Humberside); in other cases, he is said to have kicked a church, or attempted to fly away with it, or flood it, or drop a hill on it. Such tales are now jocular, but probably began as religious propaganda, since the Devil constantly attacks the Church but can never defeat it (Matthew 16: 18). It is sometimes suggested that they refer particularly to local conflicts with paganism at the Conversion; in itself, the motif might well be that old, but the churches where it is now found (both here and in Europe) are not exceptionally ancient—it is the presence of a nearby rock which sparks the tale.

Churches and churchyards being eerie places, especially by night, they figure frequently in magical and divinatory rituals. The oldest and most serious was watching in the church porch on St Mark's Eve to see who would die that year. In Lincolnshire, Herefordshire, Cambridgeshire, and Sussex in the early 20th century, it was said of various village churches that anyone who ran round the building seven times on a moonlit night (or, at midnight) and then peered through the keyhole (or whistled through it, or dropped a pin through) would see the Devil (Rudkin, 1936: 71-3; Leather, 1912: 40; Porter, 1969: 337; Simpson, 1973: 66). A love divination for young men in the 17th century, still known in Shropshire in the late 19th, was to go to a churchyard at midnight with a drawn sword and circle the church nine times (or three times), saying ‘Here's the sword, but where's the scabbard?’, after which the destined girl would appear (Mother Bunch's Closet Newly Broke Open, 1685, ed. G. L. Gomme, 1885: 18; Burne, 1883: 177).

Lead cut from the windows or guttering of a church, water dripping from its roof, dust from its altar, and chips of stone from its carvings have all been regarded as having healing power (Opie and Tatem, 1989: 78, 81, 94).

See also BELLS, CHRISTIANITY, GRAVES, PILGRIMAGES.

An edifice or place of assemblage specifically set apart for Christian worship.

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[De]

A building belonging to an established religious organization and used for collective Christian worship, the performance of ceremonies, pilgrimage, and the veneration of relics. Early churches were hidden in catacombs or in caves, but from the 4th century onwards they were specially built structures often modelled on the basilican halls of late Roman public buildings. The plan and layout of all churches is partly related to liturgical needs and ceremonial functions, and partly to symbolic and spiritual factors. Thus the majority are rectangular or cross-shaped in plan, orientated broadly east to west, with the main focus at the east end.

aggregation of Christian believers
building for Christian worship

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sign description: One C-hand comes down on the back of the other hand.

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Quotes:

"The first time I sang in the church choir; two hundred people changed their religion." - Fred A. Allen

"He was of the faith chiefly in the sense that the church he currently did not attend was Catholic." - Kingsley Amis

"I have no objections to churches so long as they do not interfere with God's work." - Brooks Atkinson

"It is indolence... Indolence and love of ease; a want of all laudable ambition, of taste for good company, or of inclination to take the trouble of being agreeable, which make men clergymen. A clergyman has nothing to do but be slovenly and selfish; read the newspaper, watch the weather, and quarrel with his wife. His curate does all the work and the business of his own life is to dine." - Jane Austen

"It will, I believe, be everywhere found, that as the clergy are, or are not what they ought to be, so are the rest of the nation." - Jane Austen

"The Church is not a gallery for the exhibition of eminent Christians, but a school for the education of imperfect ones." - Henry Ward Beecher

See more famous quotes about Churches

A dream of a church often represents something sacred to the dreamer or symbolizes that the dreamer's prayers, or prayers by others are being answered. It may also represent a deep inner need for spiritual nourishment or atonement.

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For a list of words related to church, see:

• Types of Buildings - church: Christian house of worship, often with spire, finial cross
• Christianity - church: lit. members of the body of Christ, used to designate Christian house of worship
• Individuals and Titles - church: whole body of Christian believers; building in which Christian worship services are held
• Structures and Institutions - church: place of worship, esp. structure in which Christian services are held

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See words rhyming with "church."

  See crossword solutions for the clue Church.

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Common misspelling(s) of church

• curch

Dansk (Danish)
n. - kirke

Français (French)
n. - Église, office, messe
v. tr. - conduire un office religieux pour (après un accouchement)

Deutsch (German)
n. - Kirche

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - εκκλησία, ναός, (θρησκ.) εκκλησία (ως θεσμός), (μτφ.) ιερατείο, κλήρος

Italiano (Italian)
la Chiesa, chiesa, parrocchia

Português (Portuguese)
n. - Igreja (f)

Русский (Russian)
церковь

Español (Spanish)
n. - iglesia, templo, oficio religioso, congregación

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - kyrka

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
教堂, 教会

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 教堂, 教會

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 교회, 기독교도, 성직

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 教会, 礼拝, キリスト教徒, 会衆, 教派, 聖職
adj. - 教会の

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮כנסייה, ציבור המאמינים, נוצרים, תפילה בכנסייה, התפללה (לגבי יולדת)‬

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