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citrate

  (sĭt'rāt') pronunciation
n.

A salt or ester of citric acid.


 
 
(sĭt'rāt')
n.

A salt or ester of citric acid.

 

Any salt of citric acid. Citrate is the first intermediate of the citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It also plays an important role in fatty acid synthesis which takes place in the cytoplasm. It acts as a carrier of acetyl-CoA, the construction material for fatty acids. The movement is assisted by two enzymes, citrate-condensing enzyme, which catalyzes the condensation of the acetyl unit with oxaloacetate in the mitochondria, and citrate-cleavage enzyme (citrate lyase), which catalyzes the release of the acetyl radical in the cytoplasm of the cell.

  • c. cleavage enzyme — important enzyme in fatty acid synthesis from glucose; catalyzes the split of citrate to acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.
  • c. synthase — first enzyme of the TCA cycle catalyzing the formation of citrate from acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.


 
WordNet: citrate
Note: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words.

The verb has one meaning:

Meaning #1: cause to form a salt or ester of citric acid


 
Wikipedia: citrate
Citrate
Citrate-2D-skeletal.png
Citrate-3D-balls.png
IUPAC name citrate
Identifiers
CAS number
PubChem 31348
SMILES C(C(=O)[O-])C(CC(=O)[O-])(C(=O)[O-])O
Properties
Molecular formula [C6H5O7]3−
Molar mass 189.1
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Infobox disclaimer and references

A citrate is an ionic form of citric acid, such as C3H5O(COO)33−, that is, citric acid minus three hydrogen ions.

Citrate family

Citrates are compounds containing this group, either ionic compounds, the salts, or analogous covalent compounds, esters. An example of a salt is sodium citrate and an ester is trimethyl citrate. See category for a bigger list.

Other citric acid ions

Since citric acid is a multifunctional acid, intermediate ions exist, hydrogen citrate ion, HC6H5O72− and dihydrogen citrate ion, H2C6H5O7. These may form salts as well, called acid salts.

pH

Salts of the hydrogen citrate ions are weakly acidic, while salts of the citrate ion itself (with an inert cation such as sodium ion) are weakly basic.

Buffering

Citrate is a key component in the commonly used SSC 20X hybridization buffer. There exists authoritative literature (Maniatis) that incorrectly instructs the preparation of this buffer to include 3M NaCl and 0.3M Sodium Citrate, to be titrated up with NaOH to a pH of 7. When the two components are actually mixed together, the pH is slightly basic. Therefore, the pH of the solution should instead be titrated down to 7 with HCl.

Metabolism

TCA cycle

Citrate is an intermediate in the TCA (Krebs) Cycle. After the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex forms acetyl CoA, from pyruvate and five cofactors (Thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoamide, FAD, NAD+, and CoA), citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with Acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate continues in the TCA cycle via aconitase with the eventual regeneration of oxaloacetate, which can combine with another molecule of acetyl CoA and continue cycling.

See also TCA cycle

Role in Glycolysis

High concentration of citrate can inhibit phosphofructokinase, the pace-maker of glycolysis.

See also



 
 

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Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
Medical Dictionary. The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. The Veterinary Dictionary. Copyright © 2007 by Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
WordNet. WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Citrate" Read more

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