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Citrobacter

 
Sci-Tech Dictionary: Citrobacter
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(′si·trō′bak·tər)

(microbiology) A genus of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae; motile rods that utilize citrate as the only carbon source.

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Veterinary Dictionary: Citrobacter
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A genus of gram-negative, lactose fermenting rods, members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Found in water, feces and urine, and not considered to be animal pathogens.

  • C. freundii — have been identified as the cause of septicemic cutaneous ulcerative disease of turtles. The disease is characterized by cutaneous hemorrhage and ulceration, loss of claws and digits, flaccidity and paralysis.
Wikipedia: Citrobacter
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Citrobacter
Citrobacter freundii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gamma Proteobacteria
Order: Enterobacteriales
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Citrobacter
Werkman and Gillen, 1932
Species

C. amalonaticus
C. braakii
C. farmeri
C. freundii
C. gillenii
C. koseri
C. murliniae
C. rodentium
C. sedlakii
C. werkmanii
C. youngae

Citrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative coliform bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family.

The species C. amalonaticus, C. koseri, and C. freundii use solely citrate as a carbon source. Citrobacter species are differentiated by their ability to convert tryptophan to indole, ferment lactose, and utilize malonate. [1]

Citrobacter shows the ability to accumulate uranium by building phosphate complexes.[2]

Clinical significance

These bacteria can be found almost everywhere in soil, water, wastewater, etc. It can also be found in the human intestine. They are rarely the source of illnesses, except for infections of the urinary tract and infant meningitis and sepsis.[3][4]

C. freundii strains have inducible ampC genes encoding resistance to ampicillin and first-generation cephalosporins. In addition, isolates of Citrobacter may be resistant to multiple other antibiotics as a result of plasmid-encoded resistance genes.

In one study, Citrobacter koseri and Citrobacter freundii were cultured.[5]

References

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.
  1. ^ Lipsky BA, Hook III EW, Smith AA, et al.: Citrobacter infections in humans: Experience at the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center and a review of the literature. Rev Infect Dis 1980; 2:746-760.
  2. ^ L. E. Macaskie, R. M. Empson, A. K. Cheetham, C. P. Grey, A. J. Skarnulis (1992). "Uranium bioaccumulation by a Citrobacter sp. as a result of enzymically mediated growth of polycrystalline HUO2PO4". Science 257: 782–784. doi:10.1126/science.1496397. 
  3. ^ V. Drelichman; J. D. Band (1985). "Bacteremias due to Citrobacter diversus and Citrobacter freundii. Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome". Archives of Internal Medicine 145: 1808–1810. doi:10.1001/archinte.145.10.1808. PMID 3899035. 
  4. ^ Badger, J.D.; M.F. Stins and K.S. Kim. "Citrobacter freundii Invades and Replicates in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells". Infection and Immunity 67: 4208–4215. PMID 10417193. 
  5. ^ Mohanty S, Singhal R, Sood S, Dhawan B, Kapil A, Das BK (January 2007). "Citrobacter infections in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India". J. Infect. 54 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2006.01.015. PMID 16815552. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0163-4453(06)00028-4. 

External links


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Sci-Tech Dictionary. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. Copyright © 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Citrobacter".  Read more