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A cliché (US: /klɪˈʃeɪ/ UK: /ˈkliːʃeɪ/, from French), is a saying, expression, idea, or element of an artistic work which has been overused to the point of losing its original meaning or effect i.e proposing in Paris! rendering it a stereotype, especially when at some earlier time it was considered meaningful or novel. The term is frequently used in modern culture for an action or idea which is expected or predictable, based on a prior event. It is likely to be used pejoratively. A cliché may sometimes be used in a work of fiction for comedic effect.
One can consider a cliché to be a sort of stereotypical instance of a category of concepts.
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Other meanings
In printing, a cliché was a printing plate cast from movable type. This is also called a stereotype.[3] When letters were set one at a time, it made sense to cast a phrase used repeatedly as a single slug of metal. "Cliché" came to mean such a ready-made phrase. The French word “cliché” comes from the sound made when the matrix is dropped into molten metal to make a printing plate.[4]
Most such phrases were originally striking, but they lost their force through overuse.[5] In this connection, David Mason and John Frederick Nims cite the particularly harsh judgement of Salvador Dalí: "The first man to compare the flabby cheeks of a young woman to a rose was obviously a poet; the first to repeat it was possibly an idiot."[6]
A spoken or written cliché is often a vivid depiction of an abstract matter that works by means of analogy and/or exaggeration. The picture used is usually drawn from everyday experience so that the recipient most probably can relate to the depiction by tentatively querying their reaction to what is conveyed in the picture. When used sparingly and deliberately, a cliché can be used to great poetic effect. However, cliché in writing is generally considered a mark of inexperience or unoriginality.[citation needed]
See also
- Category:Clichés – list of clichés
- Anti-cliché
- Archetype
- Figure of speech
- Idiom
- Snowclone
- Category:Snowclones – list of snowclones
- Stock character
- Thought-terminating cliché
References
- ^ Quoted at Wiggett, Darwin, "Same Old, Same Old…Why does all Nature Photography Look the Same?", Nature Photographers Online Magazine, http://www.naturephotographers.net/articles0703/dw0703-1.html, retrieved 2009-07-02
- ^ Freeman, Michael (2004). Nature and Landscape Photography. Lark Books. p. 36. ISBN 1-57990-545-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=0bGIPv-OR6UC&pg=PA36. Retrieved 2009-07-02.
- ^ "The Museum of Printing: Collection". The Museum of Printing. http://www.museumofprinting.org/Collection.html. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
- ^ Morris, William and Mary (eds); entry for “cliché”, American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (1975).
- ^ Mason, David; Nims, John Frederick (1999), Western Wind: An Introduction to Poetry, McGraw-Hill, pp. 126–127, ISBN 0-07-303180-1
- ^ Dalí, Salvador (1968), "Preface", in Pierre Cabanne, Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp (1987 ed.), Da Capo Press, p. 13, ISBN 0306803038
Further reading
- Anton C. Zijderveld (1979). On Clichés: The Supersedure of Meaning by Function in Modernity. Routledge. ISBN 071000186X.
- Margery Sabin (1987). "The Life of English Idiom, the Laws of French Cliché". The Dialect of the Tribe. Oxford University Press US. pp. 10–25. ISBN 0195041534.
- Veronique Traverso and Denise Pessah (Summer 2000). "Stereotypes et cliches: Langue, discours, societe". Poetics Today (Duke University Press) 21 (3): 463–465.
- Skorczewski, Dawn (December 2000). ""Everybody Has Their Own Ideas": Responding to Cliche in Student Writing.". College Composition and Communication 52 (2): 220–239.
- Ruth Amossy and Chutiya Terese Lyons (1982). "The Cliché in the Reading Process". SubStance (University of Wisconsin Press) 11 (2.35): 34–45. http://jstor.org./pss/3684023.
External links
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Look up cliché in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Clichés: Avoid Them Like the Plague – list of clichéd phrases
- The Movie Clichés List – list of clichés in films
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