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Closed system

 
Sci-Tech Dictionary: closed system
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(¦klōzd ′sis·təm)

(engineering) A system for water handling that does not permit air to enter.
(thermodynamics) A system which is isolated so that it cannot exchange matter or energy with its surroundings and can therefore attain a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. Also known as isolated system.

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Computer Desktop Encyclopedia: closed system
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A system in which the specifications are kept secret to prevent interference from third parties. It inhibits third-party software from being installed; it keeps third-party hardware from interoperating with it, and it prevents third-party enhancements from improving the product. Contrast with open system. See proprietary standards.

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Accounting Dictionary: Closed System
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Enterprise-wide scope of organization resource costs that are all reassigned through activities to final cost objects.

Geography Dictionary: closed system
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A system marked by clear boundaries which admit of no movement of energy across them. The entropy of any closed system never decreases.

Architecture: closed system
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A heating or refrigeration piping system in which the circulating water or brine is completely enclosed and under pressure above atmospheric.

Wikipedia: Closed system
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A closed system is a system in the "state of being isolated from its surrounding environment."[1] The term often refers to an idealized system in which closure is perfect. In reality no system can be completely closed; there are only varying degrees of closure.

In thermodynamics, a closed system can exchange heat and work (aka energy), but not matter, with its surroundings. In contrast an isolated system can not exchange any of heat, work, or matter with the surroundings, while an open system can exchange all of heat, work and matter. For a simple system, with only one type of particle (atom or molecule), a closed system amounts to a constant number of particles. However, for systems which are undergoing a chemical reaction, there may be all sorts of molecules being generated and destroyed by the reaction process. In this case, the fact that the system is closed is expressed by saying that the total number of each elemental atom is conserved, no matter what kind of molecule it may be a part of. Mathematically:

\sum_{j=1}^m a_{ij}N_j=b_i^0

where Nj is the number of j-type molecules, aij is the number of atoms of element i in molecule j and bi0 is the total number of atoms of element i in the system, which remains constant, since the system is closed. There will be one such equation for each different element in the system.

See also

References

  1. ^ Bela H. Banathy (1992). A systems view of education: concepts and principles for effective practice‎. p.184


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