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cloud

 
Dictionary: cloud   (kloud) pronunciation
 
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n.
    1. A visible body of very fine water droplets or ice particles suspended in the atmosphere at altitudes ranging up to several miles above sea level.
    2. A mass, as of dust, smoke, or steam, suspended in the atmosphere or in outer space.
  2. A large moving body of things in the air or on the ground; a swarm: a cloud of locusts.
  3. Something that darkens or fills with gloom.
  4. A dark region or blemish, as on a polished stone.
  5. Something that obscures.
  6. Suspicion or a charge affecting a reputation.
  7. A collection of charged particles: an electron cloud.

v., cloud·ed, cloud·ing, clouds.

v.tr.
  1. To cover with or as if with clouds: Mist clouded the hills.
  2. To make gloomy or troubled.
  3. To obscure: cloud the issues.
  4. To cast aspersions on; sully: Scandal clouded the officer's reputation.
v.intr.

To become cloudy or overcast: The sky clouded over.

idiom:

in the clouds

  1. Imaginary; unreal; fanciful.
  2. Impractical.

[Middle English, hill, cloud, from Old English clūd, rock, hill.]

cloudless cloud'less adj.
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Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Cloud
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Suspensions of minute droplets or ice crystals produced by the condensation of water vapor (the ordinary atmospheric cloud). Other clouds, less commonly seen, are composed of smokes or dusts. See also Air pollution; Dust storm.

If water vapor is cooled sufficiently, it becomes saturated, that is, in equilibrium with a plane surface of liquid water (or ice) at the same temperature. Further cooling in the presence of such a surface causes condensation upon it. In the atmosphere, even in the apparent absence of any surfaces, there are invisible motes upon which the condensation proceeds at barely appreciable cooling beyond the state of saturation. Consequently, when atmospheric water vapor is chilled sufficiently, such motes, or condensation nuclei, swell into minute waterdroplets and form a visible cloud.

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) uses a classification which divides clouds into low-level (base below about 1.2 mi or 2 km), middle-level (about 1.2–4 mi or 2–7 km), and high-level (4–8 mi or 7–14 km) forms within the middle latitudes. The names of the three basic forms of clouds are used in combination to define 10 main characteristic forms, or “genera.”

  1. Cirrus are high white clouds with a silken or fibrous appearance.

  2. Cumulus are detached dense clouds which rise in domes or towers from a level low base.

  3. Stratus are extensive layers or flat patches of low clouds without detail.

  4. Cirrostratus is cirrus so abundant as to fuse into a layer.

  5. Cirrocumulus is formed of high clouds broken into a delicate wavy or dappled pattern.

  6. Stratocumulus is a low-level layer cloud having a dappled, lumpy, or wavy structure.

  7. Altocumulus is similar to stratocumulus but lies at intermediate levels.

  8. Altostratus is a thick, extensive, layer cloud at intermediate levels.

  9. Nimbostratus is a dark, widespread cloud with a low base from which prolonge drain or snow falls.

  10. Cumulonimbus is a large cumulus which produces a rain or snow shower.

Cloud physics

 
Thesaurus: cloud
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noun

    A very large number of things grouped together: army, crowd, drove, flock, horde, host, legion, mass, mob, multitude, ruck, score (used in plural), swarm, throng. See big/small/amount, group.

verb

  1. To make dim or indistinct: becloud, bedim, befog, blear, blur, dim, dull, eclipse, fog, gloom, mist, obfuscate, obscure, overcast, overshadow, shadow. See clear/unclear.
  2. To contaminate the reputation of: befoul, besmear, besmirch, bespatter, blacken, denigrate, dirty, smear, smudge, smut, soil, spatter, stain, sully, taint, tarnish. Idioms: give a black eye to, slingthrowmud on. See attack/defend, clean/dirty.

 
Antonyms: cloud
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v

Definition: become foggy or obscured
Antonyms: clear, unfog, unveil

v

Definition: confuse
Antonyms: clear up, explain, explicate

 
Geography Dictionary: cloud
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A visible, dense mass of suspended water droplets and/or ice crystals suspended in the air. Clouds generally form when air is forced to rise: at a front, over mountains, or because of convection. Clouds mirror the atmospheric processes which cause them; the approach and passage of a warm front, for example, often follows the sequence: cirrus, cirro-stratus, alto-stratus, nimbo-stratus. At active ana-fronts all these clouds may take on a more cumulus form. Atmospheric convection currents are generally indicated by the presence of cumulus or even cumulo-nimbus clouds. A cumulus cloud will often form over a heated surface and then shift with the wind, so that further cumulus is formed over the same ‘hot spot’. If this process continues a line of cloud, a cloud street, is formed.

Turbulence, generated by moderate winds, is a common cause of stratus cloud, which is often trapped beneath an inversion. Turbulence also gives rise to a nearly continuous sheet of strato-cumulus cloud. See also cloud classification.

 
Britannica Concise Encyclopedia: cloud
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Any visible mass of water droplets, ice crystals, or a mixture of the two that is suspended in the air, usually at a considerable height. Clouds are usually created and sustained by upward-moving air currents. Meteorologists classify clouds primarily by their appearance. The 10 main cloud families are divided into three groups on the basis of altitude. High clouds, which are found at mean heights of 45,000 – 16,500 ft (13 – 5 km), are, from highest to lowest, cirrus, cirrocumulus, and cirrostratus. Middle clouds, at 23,000 – 6,500 ft (7 – 2 km), are altocumulus, altostratus, and nimbostratus. Low clouds, at 6,500 – 0 ft (2 – 0 km), are stratocumulus, stratus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus. A shallow layer of cloud at or near ground level is called fog.

For more information on cloud, visit Britannica.com.

 
Photography Encyclopedia: clouds
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Dramatic clouds occur with suspicious frequency in some kinds of black-and-white photography: certainly, rather more frequently than they appear in real life. They are achieved in a number of ways.

The earliest was simply to draw them in. With ‘ordinary’ (blue-sensitive-only) plates, this was often the only option: a blue sky, with clouds, registered as a featureless white, even when exposures were not so long that clouds blurred from movement.

Later, with orthochromatic or better still panchromatic plates, ‘sky’ filters darkened the blue sky while having little or no effect on the white clouds. Yellow filters were generally counselled as being most ‘natural’; many photographers (including Ansel Adams) employed orange filtration to great effect; and even red filters do not necessarily look as extreme as their detractors maintain.

The difficulty has always been in getting the right sky over the right subject. Many photographers solved (and still solve) this by keeping a library of sky negatives, shot whenever the conditions were right, and using these to make combination prints, as early masters like Gustave Le Gray had done. The best look entirely natural; in the worst, the light on the subject is incompatible with the sky. Whether the sky ‘belongs’ to the subject or is added via combination printing, it is quite common to print heavily in order to intensify the drama of the sky. Another common trick in exhibition prints is local bleaching of the lighter areas of the sky, typically using Farmer's reducer (also known as ‘liquid sunshine’) to add still further drama.

In colour, although heavy printing is an option with negatives, two other options are feasible with both slide and negative films. One is the use of a polarizing filter, which intensifies blue skies, especially at right angles to the sun-camera axis, and the other is the graduated neutral-density (ND) filter, which reduces the exposure given to the sky. Serious professional graduated ND filters cause no colour shift (cheap amateur versions often shift towards green); are available in a range of densities, from barely perceptible (0.10, 1/3 stop) to strong (as much as 0.90, three stops); and are made with two or three rates of gradation from clear to tinted, from very abrupt to a longer transition. They can be set only by inspection, whether on a reflex or by direct ground-glass viewing.

— Roger W. Hicks

Bibliography

  • Curry, M., Flug und Wolken (1933).
  • Lebart, L., ‘Les archives du ciel. La photographie scientifique des nuages’, Études photographiques, 1 (Nov. 1996)
 
Columbia Encyclopedia: cloud
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cloud, aggregation of minute particles of water or ice suspended in the air.

Formation of Clouds

Clouds are formed when air containing water vapor is cooled below a critical temperature called the dew point and the resulting moisture condenses into droplets on microscopic dust particles (condensation nuclei) in the atmosphere. The air is normally cooled by expansion during its upward movement. Upward flow of air in the atmosphere may be caused by convection resulting from intense solar heating of the ground; by a cold wedge of air (cold front) near the ground causing a mass of warm air to be forced aloft; or by a mountain range at an angle to the wind. Clouds are occasionally produced by a reduction of pressure aloft or by the mixing of warmer and cooler air currents.

Classification of Clouds

A classification of cloud forms was first made (1801) by French naturalist Jean Lamarck. In 1803, Luke Howard, an English scientist, devised a classification that was adopted by the International Meteorological Commission (1929), designating three primary cloud types, cirrus, cumulus, and stratus, and their compound forms, which are still used today in modified form. Today's classification has four main divisions: high clouds, 20,000 to 40,000 ft (6,100–12,200 m); intermediate clouds, 6,500 to 20,000 ft (1,980–6,100 m); low clouds, near ground level to 6,500 ft (1,980 m); and clouds with vertical development, 1,600 ft to over 20,000 ft (490–6,100 m).

High cloud forms include cirrus, detached clouds of delicate and fibrous appearance, generally white in color, often resembling tufts or featherlike plumes, and composed entirely of ice crystals; cirrocumulus (mackerel sky), composed of small white flakes or very small globular masses, arranged in groups, lines, or ripples; and cirrostratus, a thin whitish veil, sometimes giving the entire sky a milky appearance, which does not blur the outline of the sun or moon but frequently produces a halo.

Intermediate clouds include altocumulus, patchy layer of flattened globular masses arranged in groups, lines, or waves, with individual clouds sometimes so close together that their edges join; and altostratus, resembling thick cirrostratus without halo phenomena, like a gray veil, through which the sun or the moon shows vaguely or is sometimes completely hidden.

Low clouds include stratocumulus, a cloud layer or patches composed of fairly large globular masses or flakes, soft and gray with darker parts, arranged in groups, lines, or rolls, often with the rolls so close together that their edges join; stratus, a uniform layer resembling fog but not resting on the ground; and nimbostratus, a nearly uniform, dark grey layer, amorphous in character and usually producing continuous rain or snow.

Clouds having vertical development include cumulus, a thick, detached cloud, generally associated with fair weather, usually with a horizontal base and a dome-shaped upper surface that frequently resembles a head of cauliflower and shows strong contrasts of light and shadow when the sun illuminates it from the side, and cumulonimbus, the thunderstorm cloud, heavy masses of great vertical development whose summits rise in the form of mountains or towers, the upper parts having a fibrous texture, often spreading out in the shape of an anvil, and sometimes reaching the stratosphere. Cumulonimbus generally produces showers of rain, snow, hailstorms, or thunderstorms.

Climatic Influence of Clouds

Cloudiness (or proportion of the sky covered by any form of cloud), measured in tenths, is one of the elements of climate. The cloudiness of the United States averages somewhat less than 50% (i.e., the country receives somewhat more than 50% of the possible sunshine); the Great Lakes region and the coast of Washington and Oregon have the greatest cloudiness (60%–70%), and the SW United States—Arizona and adjacent areas—are the least cloudy (10%–30%). Clouds have become an important focus in the study of global warming or cooling, including how the increase or decrease in cloud cover can effect the amount of radiation reflected from the earth back into space.

Bibliography

See R. S. Scorer, Clouds of the World (1972); R. Houze, Cloud Dynamics (1991).

 
Science Dictionary: clouds
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Particles of water or ice suspended in the air. (See cirrus clouds, cumulus clouds, nimbus clouds, and stratus clouds.)

 
Word Tutor: cloud
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pronunciation

IN BRIEF: A visible mass of particles of water or ice in the form of fog, mist, or haze usually high in the air.

pronunciation The silver lining is always easier to find in someone else's cloud. — Unknown from www.zaadz.com.

 
Dream Symbol: Clouds
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If one's viewpoint is clouded over, a dream of this symbol would be appropriate. If the clouds are stormy with lightning bolts, chances are anger is about to storm into the dreamer's life. Such dreams sometimes depict confusion and lack of clarity. Seeing clouds roll across a pleasant blue sky may portend the clearing up of obscure issues.

 
Wikipedia: Cloud
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For other uses, see Cloud (disambiguation).
Stratocumulus perlucidus clouds, as seen from an aircraft window.

A cloud is a visible mass of droplets or frozen crystals suspended in the atmosphere above the surface of the Earth or another planetary body. A cloud is also a visible mass attracted by gravity, such as masses of material in space called interstellar clouds and nebulae. Clouds are studied in the nephology or cloud physics branch of meteorology.

On Earth the condensing substance is typically water vapor, which forms small droplets or ice crystals, typically 0.01 mm in diameter. When surrounded by billions of other droplets or crystals they become visible as clouds. Dense deep clouds exhibit a high reflectance (70% to 95%) throughout the visible range of wavelengths. They thus appear white, at least from the top. Cloud droplets tend to scatter light efficiently, so that the intensity of the solar radiation decreases with depth into the gases, hence the gray or even sometimes dark appearance at the base. Thin clouds may appear to have acquired the color of their environment or background and clouds illuminated by non-white light, such as during sunrise or sunset, may appear colored accordingly. In the near-infrared range, clouds look darker because the water that constitutes the cloud droplets strongly absorbs solar radiation at those wavelengths.

Clouds in sunlight from a low sun
Clouds and cloud bow above Pacific
Wildfire in Yellowstone National Park produces Pyrocumulus cloud

Contents

Condensation

As air parcels cool due to expansion of the rising air mass, water vapor begins to condense on condensation nuclei such as dust, ice and salt. This process forms clouds. Sometimes an elevated portion of a frontal zone forces broad areas of lift, which form cloud decks such as altostratus or cirrostratus. Stratus is a large dark low cloud deck that tends to form when a stable cool air mass is trapped underneath a warm air mass. It can also form due to the lifting of advection fog during breezy conditions. Clouds can also be formed due to lifting over mountains and other topography.[1]

Classification of clouds

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Cloud types are divided into two general categories: layered and convective. These names distinguish a cloud's altitude. Clouds are classified by the base height, not the cloud top. This system was proposed in 1802, when it was presented to the Askesian Society by Luke Howard.

High clouds (Family A)

Middle clouds (Family B)

Low clouds (Family C)

These are found up to 2,000 m (6,500 feet) and include the stratus (dense and grey). When stratus clouds contact the ground, they are called fog.

Clouds in Family C include:

A cumulus cloudscape over Swifts Creek, Victoria, Australia

Vertical clouds (Family D)

A typical anvil shaped Cumulonimbus incus

These clouds can have strong up-currents, rise far above their bases and form at many heights.

Clouds in Family D include:

Mammatus cloud formations

Other clouds

Lenticular cloud over Wyoming.

A few clouds can be found above the troposphere; these include noctilucent and polar stratospheric clouds (or nacreous clouds), which occur in the mesosphere and stratosphere respectively.

Some clouds form as a consequence of interactions with specific geographical features. Perhaps the strangest geographically-specific cloud in the world is Morning Glory, a rolling cylindrical cloud which appears unpredictably over the Gulf of Carpentaria in Northern Australia. Associated with a powerful "ripple" in the atmosphere, the cloud may be "surfed" in glider aircraft.

Cloud fields

A cloud field is simply a group of clouds but sometimes cloud fields can take on certain shapes that have their own characteristics and are specially classified. Stratocumulus clouds can often be found in the following forms:

  • Actinoform, which resembles a leaf or a spoked wheel.
  • Closed cell, which is cloudy in the center and clear on the edges, similar to a filled honeycomb.
  • Open cell, which resembles a honeycomb, with clouds around the edges and clear, open space in the middle.

Colors

Cloud iridescence occurring in clouds.
Rain clouds over the North Sea taken from the coast of Herne Bay, Kent
Sunset in Lynnwood, Washington

The color of a cloud, as seen from the Earth, tells much about what is going on inside the cloud. Clouds form when water vapor is light enough to rise due to becoming warmer than its surrounding. As it rises it cools and the vapor condenses out of the air as micro-droplets. These tiny particles of water are densely packed and sunlight cannot penetrate far into the cloud before it is reflected out, giving a cloud its characteristic white color. As a cloud matures, the droplets may combine to produce larger droplets, which may combine to form droplets large enough to fall as rain. By this process of accumulation, the space between droplets becomes increasingly larger, permitting light to penetrate farther into the cloud. If the cloud is sufficiently large and the droplets within are spaced far enough apart, it may be that a percentage of the light which enters the cloud is not reflected back out before it is absorbed. A simple example of this is being able to see farther in heavy rain than in heavy fog. This process of reflection/absorption is what causes the range of cloud color from white to black. For the same reason, the undersides of large clouds and heavy overcasts can appear as various degrees of grey shades, depending on how much light is being reflected or transmitted back to the observer.

Other colors occur naturally in clouds. Bluish-grey is the result of light scattering within the cloud. In the visible spectrum, blue and green are at the short end of light's visible wavelengths, while red and yellow are at the long end. The short rays are more easily scattered by water droplets, and the long rays are more likely to be absorbed. The bluish color is evidence that such scattering is being produced by rain-sized droplets in the cloud.

A greenish tinge to a cloud is produced when sunlight is scattered by ice. A cumulonimbus cloud emitting green is an imminent sign of heavy rain, hail, strong winds and possible tornadoes.

Yellowish clouds are rare but may occur in the late spring through early fall months during forest fire season. The yellow color is due to the presence of smoke.

Red, orange and pink clouds occur almost entirely at sunrise/sunset and are the result of the scattering of sunlight by the atmosphere. The clouds do not become that color; they are reflecting long and unscattered rays of sunlight, which are predominant at those hours. The effect is much like if one were to shine a red spotlight on a white sheet. In combination with large, mature thunderheads this can produce blood-red clouds.

Clouds and climate

See also: Cloud cover

Understanding the role of clouds in regulating both weather and climate is at an early stage, and remains a critical unknown factor in predicting the extent of global warming.[citation needed]

Global brightening

In mountainous areas one often finds the peaks above the clouds as seen here with the Piz Bernina in the Swiss Alps.

New research From Dimming to Brightening: Decadal Changes in Solar Radiation at Earth's Surface by Martin Wild et al. (Science 6 May 2005; 308: 847-850) indicates a global brightening trend.

Global brightening is caused by decreased amounts of particulate matter in the atmosphere, leaving less surface area for condensation to occur. Less condensation in the atmosphere and more evaporation from increasing amounts of sunlight striking the surfaces of water causes more moisture to build in the air, creating fewer but thicker clouds.

Bacteria in clouds

Bacteria that live in clouds may have evolved the ability to promote rainstorms as a way to disperse themselves. These microbes—called ice nucleators—are found in rain, snow, and hail throughout the world, according to Brent Christner, a microbiologist at Louisiana State University. These bacteria may be part of a constant feedback between terrestrial ecosystems and clouds. They may rely on the rainfall to spread to new habitats, much as plants rely on windblown pollen grains, Christner said. [5]

Clouds on other planets

Main article: Extraterrestrial atmospheres

Within our solar system, any planet or moon with an atmosphere also has clouds. Venus' clouds are composed entirely of sulfuric acid droplets. Mars has high, thin clouds of water ice. Both Jupiter and Saturn have an outer cloud deck composed of ammonia clouds, an intermediate deck of ammonium hydrosulfide clouds and an inner deck of water clouds. Uranus and Neptune have cloudy atmospheres dominated by methane gas.

Saturn's moon Titan has clouds believed to be composed largely of droplets of liquid methane. The Cassini-Huygens Saturn mission uncovered evidence of a fluid cycle on Titan, including lakes near the poles and fluvial channels on the surface of the moon.

See also

Weather portal

References

 This article includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (September 2008)
  1. ^ Physical Geography. CHAPTER 8: Introduction to the Hydrosphere (e). Cloud Formation Processes. Retrieved on 2009-01-01.
  2. ^ "Plymouth State Meteorology Program Cloud Boutique". http://vortex.plymouth.edu/clouds.html/. 
  3. ^ "Cloud Types: common cloud classifications". WW2010. University of Illinois. http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/cld/cldtyp/home.rxml. 
  4. ^ "cloud: Classification of Clouds". Infoplease.com. http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/weather/A0857400.html. 
  5. ^ Rainmaking Bacteria Ride Clouds to "Colonize" Earth?

Bibliography

External links

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Essential Desk Reference: Climate, Weather, Environment: Clouds
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Name

Height

Description

Indicates

Cirrus

High (45,000 to 16,500 feet)

Wispy and thin

Fair weather

Stratus

Low (6,500 to 0 feet)

Cover most of the sky with an even, gray color similar to a fog

Light rain

Cumulonimbus

Low (6,500 to 0 feet)

Tall, dense, shaped like a block or anvil

Violent weather, such as hail and lightning. Signal thunderstorms and can spawn tornadoes

Nimbostratus

Middle (23,000 to 6,500 feet)

Dark and low

Light rain

Cirrostratus

Troposphere

Halo

Precipitation is likely within 15 to 25 hours if winds steady from NE E to S, or sooner if winds SE to S. Other wind directions bring overcast skies.

Cumulus

Low (6,500 to 0 feet)

Have the appearance of floating cotton and have a lifetime of 5–40 minutes. Known for their flat bases and distinct outlines

Fair weather

Altocumulus

Middle (23,000 to 6,500 feet)

Parallel bands or rounded masses

The presence of altocumulus clouds on a warm and humid summer morning is commonly followed by thunderstorms later in the day.

Stratocumulus

Low (6,500 to 0 feet)

Vary in color from dark gray to light gray and may appear as rounded masses, rolls, etc., with breaks of clear sky in between

Light precipitation

Image Annenberg/CPB. “Weather,” www.learner.org/exhibits/weather/watercycle.html Cloud Types: Common Cloud Classifications. www.gfdl.gov/~io/WEATHER/clouds.html


 
Misspellings: cloud
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Common misspelling(s) of cloud

  • coudl

 
Translations: Cloud
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - sky, sværm, plet, mistanke
v. tr. - dække med skyer, formørke, gøre uklar, tilsløre
v. intr. - blive overskyet, blive uklar, formørkes

idioms:

  • cloud over    blive overskyet
  • every cloud has a silver lining    efter regn kommer solskin
  • on cloud nine    i den syvende himmel
  • under a cloud    i unåde

Nederlands (Dutch)
wolk, zwerm, gedeprimeerde toestand/ uitdrukking, troebelheid, bewolken, vlammen, vertroebelen, bewolking

Français (French)
n. - (Météo) nuage, nuée (littér), nue, (fig) dans la lune, aux anges, voile (de fumée), tourbillon (de poussière), turbidité, nuée (pour les métaux précieux), nuée (de sauterelles)
v. tr. - couvrir, voiler (le ciel), troubler, rendre trouble (un liquide), ternir (un miroir), troubler (le bonheur de qn), ternir (la réputation de qn)
v. intr. - se couvrir/se voiler de nuages

idioms:

  • cloud over    se couvrir/se voiler de nuages
  • every cloud has a silver lining    il y a toujours un bon côté dans qch
  • on cloud nine    être aux anges
  • under a cloud    dans une atmosphère de scandale étouffé

Deutsch (German)
n. - Wolke, Bewölkung, Schwarm
v. - verdunkeln, trüben

idioms:

  • cloud over    sich bewölken
  • every cloud has a silver lining    es hat alles sein Gutes
  • on cloud nine    jemandem hängt der Himmel voller Geigen
  • under a cloud    in Ungnade, im Verdacht

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - νέφος, σύννεφο, σκιά (υποψίας κ.λπ.), θόλωμα, θολούρα
v. - συννεφιάζω, σκοτεινιάζω, θολώνω, σκιάζω

idioms:

  • cloud over    συννεφιάζω, (μτφ.) σκυθρωπιάζω, σκοτεινιάζω
  • every cloud has a silver lining    ουδέν κακόν αμιγές καλού
  • on cloud nine    στον έβδομο ουρανό, πανευτυχής
  • under a cloud    υπό τη σκιά υποψίας

Italiano (Italian)
oscurare, offuscare, turbare, nuvola, sciame

idioms:

  • be on cloud nine    toccare il cielo con un dito, essere al settimo cielo
  • cloud over    annuvolarsi
  • every cloud has a silver lining    dopo il brutto viene il bello
  • under a cloud    in discredito

Português (Portuguese)
n. - nuvem (f), névoa (f), mancha (f)
v. - nublar, obscurecer

idioms:

  • be on cloud nine    estar nas nuvens
  • cloud over    um rosto que mostra ansiedade
  • every cloud has a silver lining    todo mundo tem algo de bom dentro de si
  • under a cloud    em dificuldades, sob suspeita

Русский (Russian)
покрываться облаками, облако, рой

idioms:

  • be on cloud nine    быть на седьмом небе
  • cloud over    хмуриться
  • every cloud has a silver lining    нет худа без добра
  • under a cloud    в опале

Español (Spanish)
n. - nube, nubosidad, nebulosidad, enjambre, tropel
v. tr. - nublar, oscurecer, empañar
v. intr. - nublarse, oscurecerse, empañarse

idioms:

  • cloud over    nublarse, cubrirse, encapotarse
  • every cloud has a silver lining    no hay mal que por bien no venga
  • on cloud nine    estar en el séptimo cielo, estar en la gloria, estar muy feliz
  • under a cloud    bajo sospecha

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - moln, svärm (bildl.), skara, skugga
v. - hölja i, förmörka (bildl.), göra oklar, mulna

中文（简体）(Chinese (Simplified))
云, 云状的烟, 忧色, 以云遮敝, 使黯然, 笼罩, 乌云密布, 阴沉

idioms:

  • cloud over    云层密布, 弄模糊
  • every cloud has a silver lining    黑暗中总有一线光明
  • on cloud nine    非常愉快
  • under a cloud    失宠, 不高兴

中文（繁體）(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 雲, 雲狀的煙, 憂色
v. tr. - 以雲遮敝, 使黯然, 籠罩
v. intr. - 烏雲密佈, 陰沈

idioms:

  • cloud over    雲層密布, 弄模糊
  • every cloud has a silver lining    黑暗中總有一線光明
  • on cloud nine    非常愉快
  • under a cloud    失寵, 不高興

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 구름, 먼지, 어두움, 수많은 사람
v. tr. - 흐리게 하다, (명성 등을) 더럽히다, 애매하게 만들다
v. intr. - 흐려지다

idioms:

  • cloud over    잔뜩 흐리다
  • under a cloud    의심을 받아, 울적하여

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 雲, 雲状のもの, 暗雲, 暗い影, 大群, 曇り, 濁り, 埃
v. - 曇る, 雲で覆われる, 曇らす

idioms:

  • be on cloud nine    このうえなく楽しい
  • cloud of dust    粉塵雲
  • cloud over    一面に曇る, 曇る, 曇らせる

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) غيمه, سحابه, غمامه (فعل) غيم, غشى, كدر‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮ענן, עננה, כתם, צל, מצב של חשד או עצב, מבט מדוכא, חשיכה‬
v. tr. - ‮הקדיר, העיב, עינן, טשטש‬
v. intr. - ‮התעצב, קדר‬

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