Description

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help many people deal with chronic back pain.

Alternate Names

Nonspecific back pain - cognitive behavioral; Backache - chronic-cognitive behavioral; Lumbar pain - chronic-cognitive behavioral; Pain - back - chronic-cognitive behavioral; Chronic back pain - low-cognitive behavioral

What is CBT?

CBT is a form of psychological therapy. It usually involves 10 - 20 meetings with a therapist. Thoughts are the “cognitive” part, and actions are the “behavior” part of cognitive behavior therapy.

First your therapist helps you recognize the negative feelings and thoughts that occur when you have back pain. Then your therapist teaches you how to change these into helpful thoughts and healthy actions. Changing your thoughts from negative to positive can help you manage your pain.

How Does CBT Work?

It is believed that changing thoughts about pain can change how our bodies respond to pain.

You may not be able to stop physical pain from happening, but with practice you can control how your mind manages the pain. An example is changing a negative thought, such as “I can't do anything anymore,” to a more positive thought, such as “I dealt with this before and I can do it again.”

A therapist using CBT will help you learn to:

Identify negative thoughts
Stop negative thoughts
Practice using positive thoughts
Develop healthy thinking

Healthy thinking involves positive thoughts and calming your mind and body by using techniques such as yoga, massage, and imagery. Healthy thinking makes you feel better, and feeling better reduces pain.

CBT can also teach you to become more active. This is important because regular low-impact exercise, such as walking and swimming, can help reduce back pain over the long run.

For CBT to help reduce pain, your treatment goals need to be realistic and your treatment should be done in small steps. For example, your goals may be to see friends more and start exercising. It is realistic to see one or two friends at first and take short walks, maybe just down the block. It is not realistic to reconnect with all of your friends all at once and walk 3 miles at once on your first outing.

Getting Started

Ask your health care provider for names of therapists and see which ones are on your insurance plan.

Contact two to three of the therapists and interview them on the phone. Ask them about their experience in using CBT to manage chronic back pain. If you do not like the first therapist you see, try someone else.

References

Henschke N, Ostelo RW, van Tulder MW, Vlaeyen JW, Morley S, Assendelft WJ, Main CJ. Behavioural treatment for chronic low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(7).

Smeets RJ, Vlaeyen JW, Hidding A, et al. Chronic low back pain: physical training, graded activity with problem solving training, or both? The one-year post-treatment results of a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2008;134:263-276.

Chou R, Huffman LH. Nonpharmacologic therapies for acute and chronic low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:492-504.

Chou R, Fu R, Carrino JA, Deyo RA.Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;373(9662):463-72. Review.

Reviewed By

Review Date: 10/21/2011

David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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