Sir Colin Alexander St John ("Sandy") Wilson, FRIBA,
RA, (14 March 1922 –
14 May 2007) was a British
architect, lecturer and author. He spent over 30 years progressing the project to build a new British
Library in London, originally planned to be built in Bloomsbury and now completed near Kings Cross.
Early and private life
Wilson was born in Cheltenham, the younger son of Henry
Wilson, a Church of England clergyman who became Bishop of Chelmsford from 1929. His father was known as the "Red Bishop" as a result of his
sympathy for the Republican cause in the Spanish Civil War. Wilson was educated at Felsted School, and
he studied history and then architecture at Corpus Christi College,
Cambridge from 1940 to 1942, when he joined the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve.
He served as a lieutenant in a Communication Squadron of the Fleet Air Arm in Europe
during the Second World War and then India. He was
demobilised in 1946, he completed his studies under Sir Albert Richardson at the Bartlett School of Architecture at
University College London, graduating as an architect in 1949.
Wilson married twice. First he married Muriel Lavender in 1955, but they were later divorced in 1971. Then he married the
architect Mary Jane Long, a founding partner of Long &
Kentish architects, in 1972; with Long together he has one son and one daughter. Long and Wilson often collaborated on
design projects.
Career
After graduating, he worked at the London County Council architects department
from 1950 to 1955, under the directorship of Sir Leslie Martin, alongside James Stirling, Alison and Peter Smithson,
Alan Colquhoun, Peter Carter, and William Howell. Wilson was involved with the Independent Group of
artists at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, and he
contributed to the seminal "This is Tomorrow" exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in 1956. He worked for a development company for a year before becoming a
lecturer in architecture at Cambridge University in 1956, where Martin had been
appointed Professor of Architecture. Wilson met Finnish architect Alvar Aalto through Martin and this had a major impact on his following building. He was a Fellow at
Churchill College, Cambridge from 1962 to 1971. He retired from teaching in
1969 to concentrate on his architectural practice.
As well as teaching together, Wilson and Martin also practised together as architects from offices in Cambridge, designing Harvey Court at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, which himself argues had an influence on
Italian rationalist architecture, especially that of Aldo Rossi, an extension to the School
of Architecture in Cambridge, a house for painter Christopher Cornford in Cambridge, and the Law,
English and Statistical Libraries on Manor Road in Oxford, and
other buildings in Cambridge and London. Wilson designed his own home in Cambridge on Grantchester
Road, now the Wittgenstein Institute. He was commissioned to design the proposed
Liverpool Civic and Social Centre, but the building was never finished, being deemed "fascist" by
the council. He also designed an extension for the British Museum which was also never
realised.
Interior of the British Library, with the smoked glass wall of the King's Library in the background.
In terms of architectural production, Wilson is best-known for designing the current British
Library building in London, began in 1962 and finally completed - after a 35-year history of political wrangles, budget
overspending and design problems - in 1997. He described it as his "30-year war". The original scheme would have created a
piazza to the south of the British Museum, but would have required the demolition of a large part
of Bloomsbury. After a public protest, a new site was found further north, between Euston station and St Pancras station. A
design was approved in 1978, but then delayed by the change of government after the 1979 UK general election, and ambitions were reduced amid rising costs. The
architecture of the huge building is influenced by several sources: the surrounding Victorian architecture in the
St Pancras area of London and the collegiate architecture of Cambridge University.
The use of finely detailed brickwork, multi-layer terraces, interplay of pitched roof elements and gradual stepping up of the
entrance are all direct references to Alto, in particular his Säynätsalo Town Hall.
The building was shortlised for the RIBA Stirling Prize in 1998.
Wilson returned to Cambridge to become Professor of Architecture in 1975, stepping into shoes vacated by the early death of
William Howell. He was a Fellow at Pembroke College, Cambridge from 1977 to
his death in 2007. He retired in 1989, becoming a professor emeritus. He became a trustee of
the Tate Gallery in 1974, and a trustee of the National
Gallery in 1977, retiring from both positions in 1980. He was a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Royal Academy. He was knighted in 1998 for services to architecture, and was an Honorary Fellow at
Churchill College from 1998 to 2007. He received honorary doctorates from the universities of Cambridge, Essex and Sheffield. He was a visiting professor at Yale four times (1960, 1964, 1983 and
2000) and at MIT from 1970 to 1972.
He published two theoretical works, Architectural Reflections in 1992 and The Other Tradition of Modern
Architecture in 1995, and The Artist at Work, on Michael Andrews and
William Coldstream, in 1999.
More recently, Wilson and Long & Kentish designed the new wing of Pallant House
Gallery in Chichester, England, which opened in June 2006. The unashamedly modern
block stands next to the original gallery, housed in a Grade 1 listed Queen Anne townhouse, was shortlisted for RIBA awards
in 2007, and won the 2007 Gulbenkian Prize.[1] Wilson also donated his share
of his collection of over 400 works of art to the gallery (owned jointly with his second wife). His collection, worth £5m,
included works by Michael Andrews, Peter
Blake, David Bomberg, Patrick Caulfield,
Lucian Freud, Richard Hamilton,
R. B. Kitaj, Eduardo Paolozzi and Walter Sickert. Many of the works were acquired directly from the artists, who were friends of Wilson:
indeed, he designed homes for several.
An extension to the British Library opened in 2007, shortly before his death. He was
survived by his second wife, and their son and daughter.
External links
References
- Sarah Menin and Stephen Kite, An Architecture of Invitation: Colin St John Wilson. Ashgate Publishing, 2005.
- Obituary,
The Guardian, 16 May 2007
- Obituary, The Daily Telegraph,
16 May 2007
- Obituary, The Times, 17 May
2007
- Obituary, The Independent, 19 May
2007
- Biography from Pallant House Gallery
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