Colony of Natal: Information from Answers.com

Colony of Natal

British colony

←

1843–1910

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Flag

Capital

Pietermaritzburg

Language(s)

Afrikaans, English, Zulu

Religion

Dutch Reformed, Anglican

Government

Constitutional monarchy

Queen

Victoria

Special Commissioner

- 1843

Henry Cloete

Historical era

Scramble for Africa

- Established

May 4, 1843

- Annexed Zululand

1843

- Disestablished

1910

- Natal Province est.

May 31, 1910

The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was proclaimed a British colony on May 4, 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia, and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa. It is now the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

It was originally only about half the size of the present province, with the north-eastern boundaries being formed by the Tugela and Buffalo rivers beyond which lay the independent kingdom of Zululand (KwaZulu in Zulu). The present province was also enlarged by the addition of Griqualand East to the south.

1 History
2 British Annexation
3 Governors of the Colony of Natal (1843-1910)
4 Prime Ministers of the Colony of Natal (1893-1910)
5 Natal Province
6 KwaZulu-Natal

History

In April 1842 Lord Stanley (afterwards 14th earl of Derby), then secretary for the colonies in the second Peel Administration, wrote to Sir George Napier that the establishment of a colony in Natal would be attended with little prospect of advantage, but at the same time stated that the pretensions of the emigrants to be regarded as an independent community could not be admitted. Various measures were proposed which would but have aggravated the situation. Finally, in deference to the strongly urged views of Sir George Napier, Lord Stanley, in a despatch of the 13th of December, received in Cape Town on the 23rd of April 1843, consented to Natal becoming a British colony. The institutions adopted were to be as far as possible in accordance with the wishes of the people, but it was a fundamental condition "that there should not be in the eye of the law any distinction or disqualification whatever, founded on mere difference of colour, origin, language or creed." Sir George then appointed Mr Henry Cloete (a brother of Colonel Cloete) a special commissioner to explain to the Natal volksraad the decision of the government.

There was a considerable party of Natal Boers still strongly opposed to the British, and they were reinforced by numerous bands of Boers who came over the Drakensberg from Winburg and Potchefstroom. Commandant Jan Mocke of Winburg (who had helped to besiege Captain Smith at Durban) and others of the "war party" attempted to induce the volksraad not to submit, and a plan was formed to murder Pretorius, Boshof and other leaders, who were now convinced that the only chance of ending the state of complete anarchy into which the country had fallen was by accepting British sovereignty. In these circumstances the task of Mr Henry Cloete was one of great difficulty and delicacy. He behaved with the utmost tact and got rid of the Winburg and Potchefstroom burghers by declaring that he should recommend the Drakensberg as the northern limit of Natal. On the 8th of August 1843 the Natal volksraad unanimously agreed to the terms proposed by Lord Stanley. Many of the Boers who would not acknowledge British rule trekked once more over the mountains into what are now the Orange Free State and Transvaal provinces. At the end of 1843 there were not more than 500 Dutch families left in Natal.

Cloete, before returning to the Cape, visited Mpande and obtained from him a valuable concession. Hitherto the Tugela from source to mouth had been the recognized frontier between Natal and Zululand. Mpande gave up to Natal all the territory between the Buffalo and Tugela rivers, now forming Klip River county.

British Annexation

Natal was proclaimed a British Colony in 1843, and administered from the Cape Colony in 1844. However, it was not until the end of 1845 that an effective administration was installed with Mr Martin West as lieutenant-governor that the power of the volksraad finally came to an end. In the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 the British defeated the Zulu army, and Zululand was annexed to Natal in 1897.

Governors of the Colony of Natal (1843-1910)

Special Commissioner

Henry Cloete (10 May 1843 - 31 May 1844)

Direct rule by Cape Colony (31 May 1844 - 4 December 1845)

Lieutenant-governors

Martin Thomas West (4 December 1845 - 1 August 1849)
Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine (1st time) (19 April 1850 - 3 March 1855)
John Scott (5 November 1856 - 31 December 1864)
John Maclean (31 December 1864 - 26 July 1865)
John Wellesley Thomas (acting) (26 July 1865 - 26 August 1865)
John Jarvis Bisset (acting) (26 August 1865 - 24 May 1867)
Robert William Keate (24 May 1867 - 19 July 1872)
Anthony Musgrave (19 July 1872 - 30 April 1873)
Thomas Milles (acting) (30 April 1873 - 22 July 1873)
Sir Benjamin Chilley Campbell Pine (2nd time) (22 July 1873 - 1 April 1875)
Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley (acting) (1 April 1875 - 3 September 1875)
Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer (3 September 1875 - 20 April 1880)
William Bellairs (acting) (20 April 1880 - 5 May 1880)
Henry Hugh Clifford (acting) (5 May 1880 - 2 July 1880)

Governors

Sir George Pomeroy Colley (2 July 1880 - 27 February 1881)
Henry Alexander (acting for Colley) (17 August 1880 - 14 September 1880)
Sir Henry Evelyn Wood (acting) (27 February 1881 - 3 April 1881)
Redvers Henry Buller (acting) (3 April 1881 - 9 August 1881)
Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell (1st time, acting) (22 December 1881 - 6 March 1882)
Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer (6 March 1882 - 23 October 1885)
Sir Arthur Elibank Havelock (18 February 1886 - 5 June 1889)
Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell (2nd time) (1 December 1889 - July 1893)
Francis Seymour Haden (acting) (July 1893 - 27 September 1893)
Sir Walter Hely-Hutchinson (28 September 1893 - 6 May 1901)
Sir Henry Edward McCallum (13 May 1901 - 7 June 1907)
Sir Matthew Nathan (2 September 1907 - 23 December 1909)
Paul Sanford Methuen, Baron Methuen (17 January 1910 - 31 May 1910)

The post of Governor of the Colony of Natal became extinct on 31 May 1910, when it joined the Union of South Africa.

Prime Ministers of the Colony of Natal (1893-1910)

Sir John Robinson (10 October 1893 - 14 February 1897)
Harry Escombe (15 February 1897 - 4 October 1897)
Sir Henry Binns (5 October 1897 - 8 June 1899)
Sir Albert Henry Hime (9 June 1899 - 17 August 1903)
George Morris Sutton (18 August 1903 - 16 May 1905)
Charles John Smythe (16 May 1905 - 28 November 1906)
Frederick Robert Moor (28 November 1906 - 28 April 1910)

The post of Prime Minister of the Colony of Natal also became extinct on 31 May 1910, when it joined the Union of South Africa.

Natal Province

Natal became Natal Province, one of the four founding provinces of the Union of South Africa in 1910, and in 1994 was combined with the KwaZulu bantustan to become KwaZulu-Natal.

KwaZulu-Natal

KwaZulu-Natal is home to the Zulu nation. There is also a large East Indian population, a white Boer-descended population to the north, and descendants of British settlers mainly in the cities.

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations

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Current territory · Former territory
* now a Commonwealth Realm · now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations

Europe

18th century
1708–1757 Minorca
since 1713 Gibraltar
1763–1782 Minorca
1798–1802 Minorca

19th century
1800–1964 Malta
1801-1921 Ireland
1807–1890 Heligoland
1809–1864 Ionian Islands

20th century
1921-1937 Irish Free State

North America

17th century 1607–1776 Virginia 1610–1907 Newfoundland since 1619 Bermuda 1620–1691 Plymouth Colony 1629–1691 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1632–1776 Maryland 1636–1776 Connecticut 1636–1776 Rhode Island 1637–1662 New Haven Colony 1663–1712 Carolina 1664–1776 New York 1665–1776 New Jersey 1670–1870 Rupert's Land 1674–1702 East Jersey 1674–1702 West Jersey 1680–1776 New Hampshire 1681–1776 Pennsylvania 1686–1689 Dominion of New England 1691–1776 Massachusetts	18th century 1701–1776 Delaware 1712–1776 North Carolina 1712–1776 South Carolina 1713–1867 Nova Scotia 1733–1776 Georgia 1763–1873 Prince Edward Island 1763–1791 Quebec 1763–1783 Florida 1784–1867 New Brunswick 1791–1841 Lower Canada 1791–1841 Upper Canada	19th century 1818–1846 Columbia District / Oregon Country¹ 1841–1867 Province of Canada 1849–1866 Vancouver Island 1853–1863 Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands 1858–1866 British Columbia 1859–1870 North-Western Territory 1862–1863 Stikine Territory 1866–1871 Vancouver Island and British Columbia 1867–1931 *Dominion of Canada² 20th century 1907–1949 Dominion of Newfoundland³
¹Occupied jointly with the United States ²In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. see Canada's name. ³Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949.

Latin America and the Caribbean

17th century 1605–1979 *Saint Lucia 1623–1883 Saint Kitts (Saint Kitts & Nevis)* 1624–1966 *Barbados 1625–1650 Saint Croix 1627–1979 *St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1628–1883 Nevis (Saint Kitts & Nevis)* 1629–1641 St. Andrew and Providence Islands⁴ since 1632 Montserrat 1632–1860 Antigua (Antigua & Barbuda)* 1643–1860 Bay Islands since 1650 Anguilla 1651–1667 Willoughbyland (Suriname) 1655–1850 Mosquito Coast (protectorate) 1655–1962 *Jamaica since 1666 British Virgin Islands since 1670 Cayman Islands 1670–1973 *Bahamas 1670–1688 St. Andrew and Providence Islands⁴ 1671–1816 Leeward Islands	18th century 1762–1974 *Grenada 1763–1978 Dominica since 1799 Turks and Caicos Islands	19th century 1831–1966 British Guiana (Guyana) 1833–1960 Windward Islands 1833–1960 Leeward Islands 1860–1981 *Antigua and Barbuda 1871–1964 British Honduras (Belize)* 1882–1983 *St. Kitts and Nevis 1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago 20th century 1958–1962 West Indies Federation
⁴Now the San Andrés y Providencia Department of Colombia

Africa

18th century 1792–1961 Sierra Leone 1795–1803 Cape Colony	19th century 1806–1910 Cape Colony 1816–1965 Gambia 1856–1910 Natal 1868–1966 Basutoland (Lesotho) 1874–1957 Gold Coast (Ghana) 1882–1922 Egypt 1884–1966 Bechuanaland (Botswana) 1884–1960 British Somaliland 1887–1897 Zululand 1888–1894 Matabeleland 1890–1980 Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) 1890–1962 Uganda 1890–1963 Zanzibar (Tanzania) 1891–1964 Nyasaland (Malawi) 1891–1907 British Central Africa Protectorate 1893–1968 Swaziland 1895–1920 East Africa Protectorate 1899–1956 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan	20th century 1900–1914 Northern Nigeria 1900–1914 Southern Nigeria 1900–1910 Orange River Colony 1900–1910 Transvaal Colony 1906–1954 Nigeria Colony 1910–1931 South Africa 1911–1964 Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) 1914–1954 Nigeria Protectorate 1915–1931 South West Africa (Namibia) 1919–1960 Cameroons (Cameroon) ⁵ 1920–1963 Kenya 1922–1961 Tanganyika (Tanzania) ⁵ 1954–1960 Nigeria
⁵League of Nations mandate

Asia

17th Century 1685-1824 Bencoolen (Sumatra)	18th century 1757–1947 Bengal (West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh) 1762–1764 Philippines 1795–1948 Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1796–1965 Maldives	19th century 1819–1826 British Malaya (Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) 1826–1946 Straits Settlements 1839–1967 Colony of Aden 1841–1997 Hong Kong 1841–1941 Kingdom of Sarawak (Malaysia) 1858–1947 British India (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Burma) 1882–1963 British North Borneo (Malaysia) 1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States 1888–1984 Sultanate of Brunei 1888–1946 Sultanate of Sulu 1891–1971 Muscat and Oman protectorate 1892–1971 Trucial States protectorate 1895–1946 Federated Malay States 1898–1930 Weihai Garrison 1878–1960 Cyprus	20th century 1918–1961 Kuwait protectorate 1920–1932 Iraq⁵ 1921–1946 Transjordan⁵ 1923–1948 Palestine⁵ 1946–1948 Malayan Union 1946–1963 Sarawak (Malaysia) 1948–1957 Federation of Malaya (Malaysia) since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus) since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory
⁵League of Nations mandate

Oceania

18th century 1788–1901 New South Wales	19th century 1803–1901 Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1807–1863 Auckland Islands⁶ 1824–1980 New Hebrides (Vanuatu) 1824–1901 Queensland 1829–1901 Swan River Colony/Western Australia 1836–1901 South Australia since 1838 Pitcairn Islands 1841–1907 Colony of New Zealand 1851–1901 Victoria 1874–1970 Fiji⁷ 1877–1976 British Western Pacific Territories 1884–1949 Territory of Papua 1888–1965 Cook Islands⁶ 1889–1948 Union Islands (Tokelau)⁶ 1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands⁸ 1893–1978 British Solomon Islands⁹	20th century 1900–1970 Tonga (protected state) 1900–1974 Niue⁶ 1901–1942 *Commonwealth of Australia 1907–1953 *Dominion of New Zealand 1919–1942 Nauru 1945–1968 Nauru 1919–1949 Territory of New Guinea 1949–1975 Territory of Papua and New Guinea¹⁰
⁶Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand ⁷Suspended member ⁸Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu ⁹Now the *Solomon Islands ¹⁰Now *Papua New Guinea

Antarctica and South Atlantic

17th century since 1659 St. Helena	19th century since 1815 Ascension Island¹¹ since 1816 Tristan da Cunha¹¹ since 1833 Falkland Islands¹²	20th century since 1908 British Antarctic Territory¹³ since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands^12, 13
¹¹Dependencies of St. Helena since 1922 (Ascension Island) and 1938 (Tristan da Cunha) ¹²Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982 ¹³Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands)

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Colony of Natal

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