| Communications Of Turkey |
| Telephones main lines in use |
18,978,000 (2005) |
| Telephones mobile cellular |
53,000,000(2007) |
| Telephone system |
- Urban Areas: both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay
- Remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system
|
| International service |
- Three submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas linking Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia
- 12 Intelsat earth stations, and by 328 mobile satellite terminals in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2002)
|
| country calling code |
90 |
| Radio broadcast stations |
AM 16, FM 107, shortwave 6 (2001) |
| Radios |
11.3 million (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations |
635 (plus 2,934 repeaters) (1995) |
| Televisions |
20.9 million (1997) |
| Internet country code |
.tr |
| Internet hosts |
1.313 million (2006) |
| Internet Service Providers ISPs |
50 (2001) |
| Internet users |
16 million (2005) |
| Telecommunications Equipment in Turkey |
|
|
1993 |
1994 (est.) |
1995 (est.) |
| Total Market Size |
|
$650K |
$500K |
$600K |
| Total Local Production |
|
$400K |
$300K |
$390K |
| Total Exports |
|
$70K |
$80K |
$90K |
| Total Imports |
|
$320K |
$280K |
$320K |
| Imports from the U.S. |
|
$105K |
$90K |
$110K |
|
| Telecommunications Services in Turkey |
|
|
1993 |
1994 (est.) |
1995 (est.) |
| Total Sales |
|
$2,750K |
$3,000K |
$3,300K |
| Sales by Local Firms |
|
$2,335K |
$2,530K |
$2,770K |
| Export Sales by Local Firms |
|
$400K |
$450K |
$500K |
| Sales by Foreign-Owned Firms |
|
$140K |
$130K |
$140K |
| Sales by U.S.-Owned Firms |
|
$40K |
$35K |
$40K |
|
The telecommunications liberalisation process started in 2004 after the creation of the Telecommunication Authority, and is still ongoing. Private sector companies operate in mobile telephony, long distance telephony and Internet access. There were 19 million fixed phone lines, 36 million mobile phones, and 12 million Internet users by the August, 2005.
Telecommunications liberalisation is progressing, but at a slow pace. The Telcommunication Authority (now renamed Bilgi İletişim ve Teknolojileri Kurumu or BTK) is still not an independent organization, and is directly controlled by the Ministry of Transport and Communications.
While progress is being made, for example local calls have in theory been opened to competition since May 2009, the incumbent has so far managed in many areas to restrict access and protect its monopoly; for example local calls can still only be made through the incumbent on the vast majority of lines.
The lack of progress by the BTK in ensuring a competitive playing field can be evidenced by the market share the incumbent still holds. In broadband, the incumbent's provider still occupies roughly 95% share of the market. Alternative operators are rapidly growing, yet much progress needs to be made by the BTK to improve the competitve landscape.
Sources
rnative operators are rapidly growing, yet much progress needs to be made by the BTK to improve the competitve landscape.
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