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Communist Party of Vietnam

 
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Communist Party of Vietnam
Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam
Founded February 3, 1930
Headquarters Ba Đình district, Hà Nội
Newspaper Nhân Dân
Ideology Communism
Marxism-Leninism
Ho Chi Minh's Thought
Website
Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper
Vietnam

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The Communist Party of Vietnam (Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam) is the currently ruling, as well as the only legal political party in Vietnam. It is a Marxist-Leninist Communist Party supported by (and a part of) the Vietnamese Fatherland Front. In most of the cases, the Vietnamese press and people refer to the Communist Party of Vietnam as "Đảng" (Party) or "Đảng ta" (our Party).

Contents

History

The Party was founded by Hồ Chí Minh and other exiles living in China as the Vietnamese Communist Party (Việt Nam Đảng Cộng Sản) at a conference in Hong Kong February 1930.[1] At the Hong Kong conference two competing communist factions, Indochinese Communist Party (Đông Dương Đảng Cộng Sản) in Tonkin and the Communist Party of Annam (An Nam Đảng Cộng Sản) in Cochinchina, merged. Although the third Vietnamese communist group, the Indochinese Communist League (Đông Dương Cộng Sản Liên Đoàn) in Annam, had not been invited to the Hong Kong conference its members were allowed to become members of the new united party.

The Hong Kong conference (held in Kowloon City) elected a nine-member Provisional Central Committee, consisting of 3 members from Tonkin, 2 from Annam, 2 from Cochinchina, and 2 from the overseas Chinese community.[2] The latter group had previously been organized within the South Seas Communist Party.

Soon thereafter, at its first plenum the party changed its name to the Indochinese Communist Party (Đảng Cộng Sản Đông Dương), on directions from Comintern.[2]

The First National Party Congress was held in secret in Macau in 1935. At the same time, a Comintern congress in Moscow adopted a policy towards a popular front against fascism and directed Communist movements around the world to collaborate with anti-fascist forces regardless of their orientation towards socialism. This required the ICP to regard all nationalist parties in Indochina as potential allies.

The party was formally dissolved in 1945 in order to hide its Communist affiliation and its activities were folded into the Marxism Research Association and the Viet Minh, which had been founded four years earlier as a common front for national liberation. The Party was refounded as the Vietnam Workers' Party (Đảng lao động Việt Nam) at the Second National Party Congress in Tuyen Quang in 1951. The Congress was held in territory in north Vietnam controlled by the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War. The Third National Congress, held in Hanoi in 1960 formalized the tasks of constructing socialism in what was by then North Vietnam, or the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and committed the party to carrying out the revolution of liberation in the South. At the Fourth National Party Congress held in 1976, the Worker Party's of North Vietnam was merged with the People's Revolutionary Party of South Vietnam to form the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Organization

The CPV is a Marxist-Leninist party run on democratic centralist lines. The supreme leading body is the Politburo (Political Bureau) headed by the Secretary-General. The Politburo is elected by the Central Committee, and the Central Committee is elected by the National Congress. In 1976, as a result of the unification of North and South Vietnam, the Central Committee was expanded to 133 members from 77 and the Politburo grew from 11 to 17 members while the Secretariat increased from seven to nine members.

Membership in the party doubled from 760,000 in 1966 to 1,553,500 in 1976, representing 3.1 percent of the total population of the country, and was close to two million by 1986.

The title President of the Central Committee, existing during 1951 - 1969, was nominated for Ho Chi Minh. This position is considered to be that of the supreme leader of the Party.

The National Congress of CPV is to be held every five years (since 1976). Due to the war footing during the wars against French and U.S. troops, the first 4 congresses were not fixed to the common time schedule. After the Foundation Conference, 10 national congresses of CPV have been held.

  1. 1st Congress, Macau (currently China, then a Portuguese colony), 1935
  2. 2nd Congress, Tuyen Quang, 1951
  3. 3rd Congress, Hanoi, 1960
  4. 4th Congress, Hanoi, 1976
  5. 5th Congress, Hanoi, 1982
  6. 6th Congress, Hanoi, 1986
  7. 7th Congress, Hanoi, 1991
  8. 8th Congress, Hanoi, 1996
  9. 9th Congress, Hanoi, 2001
  10. 10th Congress, Hanoi, 2006

Hồ Chí Minh is Chairman of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1951 to 1969. Ten people have held the First Secretary (1960-1976) and/or General Secretary (1930-1960 and 1976-Present) positions of the CPV, namely:

  1. Trần Phú (1930-1931)
  2. Lê Hồng Phong (1935-1936)
  3. Hà Huy Tập (1936-1938)
  4. Nguyễn Văn Cừ (1938-1940)
  5. Trường Chinh (1941-1956 and 1986)
  6. Lê Duẩn (1960-1986)
  7. Nguyễn Văn Linh (1986-1991)
  8. Đỗ Mười (1991-1997)
  9. Lê Khả Phiêu (1997-2001)
  10. Nông Đức Mạnh (2001- present).

At the Sixth National Party Congress, held in December 1986, Nguyen Van Linh was elected to be the General Secretary while a Politburo of fourteen members was elected and the Central Committee was expanded to 173 members.

At the Ninth National Party Congress in 2001, Nong Duc Manh became the new Secretary-General. He was re-elected for a second term at the Tenth National Party Congress in 2006.

A Party Congress, comprising 1,176 delegates at the Tenth Party Congress in April 2006, meets every 5 years to set the direction of the party and the government. The 160-member official and 21 alternate delegates Central Committee[3], which is elected by the Party Congress, usually meets at least twice a year, with the Politburo meeting more frequently and the Secretariat being responsible for day to day activities under the direction of the Secretary-General.

The present 14-member Politburo, elected in April 2006, determines government policy, and its eight-person Secretariat oversees day-to-day policy implementation. Although there has been some effort to discourage membership in overlapping party and state positions, this practice continues. The Party's Central Military Commission, which is composed of select Politburo members and additional military leaders, determines military policy.

The Party's current Politburo lineup, approved by the Central Committee in April 2006, is as follows:

  1. Nông Đức Mạnh, Party's Secretary-General
  2. Lê Hồng Anh (General), Minister of Public Security
  3. Nguyễn Minh Triết, Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Municipal Party Committee (now President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam)
  4. Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, Deputy Prime Minister (now Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam)
  5. Trương Tấn Sang, Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of Economic Affairs (now Standing Member of the Central Committee's Secretariat of the Party)
  6. Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Secretary of the Hanoi City Municipal Party Committee (now Chairman of the National Assembly)
  7. Phạm Gia Khiêm, Deputy Prime Minister
  8. Phạm Quang Nghị, Minister of Culture and Information (now Secretary of Ha Noi Municipal Party Committee, replacing Trọng)
  9. Nguyễn Sinh Hùng, Minister of Finance (now Deputy Prime Minister)
  10. Nguyễn Văn Chi, Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of Inspection (now concurrently Secretary of the Party's Central Committee)
  11. Hồ Đức Việt, Chairman of the National Assembly’s Committee for Science, Technology and Environment (now Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of Organisational Affairs)
  12. Phùng Quang Thanh, Senior Lieutenant-General, Deputy Minister of Defense,Chief of the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army (now Minister of Defense)
  13. Trương Vĩnh Trọng, Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of the Interior (now Deputy Prime Minister and Secretary of the Party's Central Committee)
  14. Lê Thanh Hải, Chairman of the Ho Chi Minh City People’s Committee (now Secretary of Ho Chi Minh City Municipal Party Committee, replacing Triết)[4]

Party's Secretary-General, State President, Prime Minister, Chairman of the National Assembly, Standing Member of the Central Committee's Secretariat of the Party is most important members.

The Party's current Secretariat has eight members as follows:

  1. Nông Đức Mạnh
  2. Trương Tấn Sang
  3. Trương Vĩnh Trọng
  4. Nguyễn Văn Chi
  5. Hồ Đức Việt
  6. Lê Văn Dũng, senior lieutenant-general, Chairman of the Political General Department of the Vietnam People's Army
  7. Tòng Thị Phóng, Chief of the Party's Central Committee's for People Campaigning (now Deputy Chairwoman of the National Assembly)
  8. Tô Huy Rứa

[5]

At the ninth conference of the Party Central Committee, which closed in 2009 Hanoi, Tô Huy Rứa, Chief of the Central Committee for Propaganda and Education, was elected to the Politburo. Ngô Văn Dụ, a member of the Central Communist Party Committee, Chief of the Central Communist Party Committee Office and Hà Thị Khiết, also a member of the Central Communist Party Committee and Chief of the Central Committee for People Campaigning, were elected to the Secretariat of the Central Communist Party Committee.

Ideology

The Communist Party of Vietnam has claimed Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Ideology to be ideological basis of the Party and the Revolution. Though formally Marxist-Leninist, the Communist Party of Vietnam has moved towards market reforms in the economy (see also Đổi Mới, the Renewal launched by the Sixth Congress of the Party in 1986) and has permitted a growing mid-level private sector. However, the Party retains a monopoly on power.

See also

References

  1. ^ Smith, R.B., 'The Foundation of the Indochinese Communist Party, 1929-1930', Modern Asian Studies, 32,4 (1998), p.799
  2. ^ a b Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Movement
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ Vietnam latest news - Thanh Nien Daily
  5. ^ [2]

External links

Communist Parties
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Political parties in Vietnam Flag of Vietnam
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Communist Party of Vietnam (defunct: Democratic Party of Vietnam - Socialist Party of Vietnam)
Other parties
Vietnam Progression Party - For The Vietnamese People Party - - Viet Tan Vietnam Reform Party - Democratic Party of Vietnam
Portal:Politics - List of political parties - Politics of Vietnam

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