- Relationship by blood or by a common ancestor.
- A close affinity or connection.
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A hereditary or “blood” relationship between persons, by virtue of having a common parent or ancestor.
For more information on consanguinity, visit Britannica.com.
Bibliography
See B. D. Inglis, Family Law (2d ed., 2 vol., 1968–70).
Blood relationship; the relation of people who descend from the same ancestor.
Consanguinity is the basis of the laws that govern such matters as rules of descent and distribution of property, the degree of relation between which marriage is prohibited under the laws concerning incest, and a basis for the determination of who may serve as a witness.
Lineal consanguinity is the relation in a direct line — such as between parent, child, and grandparent. It may be determined either upward — as in the case of son, father, grandfather — or downward — as in son, grandson, great-grandson.
Collateral consanguinity is a more remote relationship describing people who are related by a common ancestor but do not descend from each other — such as cousins who have the same grandparents.
Consanguinity is not the same as affinity, which is a close relation based on marriage rather than on common ancestry.
Blood relationship; kinship.
There was no doubt about Jim and Jerry's consanguinity; they looked exactly alike.
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Consanguinity ("con- (with) sanguine (blood) -ity") refers to the property of being from the same genetic lineage as another person. In that respect, consanguinity is the quality of being descended from the same ancestor as another person. Consanguinity is an important legal concept in that the laws of many jurisdictions consider consanguinity as a factor in deciding whether two individuals may be married or whether a given person receives property when a deceased person does not leave a will.
The degree of relative consanguinity can be illustrated with a consanguinity table, in which each level of lineal consanguinity (i.e., generation) appears as a row, and individuals with a collaterally-consanguineous relationship share the same row. See, e.g., table of consanguinity.
As a working definition, unions contracted between persons biologically related as second cousins or closer (F ≥ 0.0156) are categorized as consanguineous. This arbitrary limit has been chosen because the genetic influence in marriages between couples related to a lesser degree would usually be expected to differ only slightly from that observed in the general population. Globally, the most common form of consanguineous union contracted is between first cousins, in which the spouses share 1/8 of their genes inherited from a common ancestor, and so their progeny are homozygous (or more correctly autozygous) at 1/16 of all loci. Conventionally this is expressed as the coefficient of inbreeding (F) and for first cousin offspring,F = 0.0625. That is, the progeny are predicted to have inherited identical gene copies from each parent at 6.25% of all gene loci, over and above the baseline level of homozygosity in the general population. In some large human populations genetically closer marriages also are favoured, in particular uncle-niece and double first cousin unions where the level of homozygosity in the progeny is equivalent to = 0.125.
In regard to family law, generally, consanguinity becomes important in defining who may marry. Some states, e.g., forbid cousins to marry. Others are more lenient and only forbid people to marry their brothers, sisters, mothers, fathers, or aunts and uncles. On a related note, many states prevent individuals from serving on a jury in which they have a certain degree of consanguinity with the defendant.
Several volumes of SMITH'S LAWS, enacted from 1700 through 1829, contain certain public and private laws of the Province and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Several laws with a prescribed punishment against adultery, bigamy, incest and fornication and all combinations of those crimes were enacted in 1705. They are found in Volume I of SMITH'S LAWS, along with The TABLE of Degrees of CONSANGUINITY and AFFINITY, which can be viewed here: http://www.palrb.us/smithlaws/17001799/1705/0/act/0122.pdf
In regard to the law of intestate succession (when a person dies without a will), under the Uniform Probate Code section 2-103, after a surviving spouse receives his or her share, the descendants (depending on the circumstances this may include children, grandchildren, or great grandchildren, either biological or adopted) receive the remainder of the intestate estate. If there are no children, the decedent's parent(s) receive the remainder of the estate. If there are neither descendants nor parents, the decedent's estate is distributed to descendants of the decedent's parents (again, depending on the circumstances, brothers and sisters, nieces and nephews, grand nieces and nephews and great grand nieces and nephews). If there are no descendants, parents, or descendants of parents, then the deceased's property passes to descendants of the grandparents of the decedent (uncles and aunts, first cousins, or first cousins once, twice, or thrice removed). Interactive programs showing the distribution of intestate property according to the laws of the different American states are found at MyStateWill.com, which also includes a useful Degrees of Kinship Chart
The connotations of degree of consanguinity varies by context (e.g., Canon law, Roman law, etc.). Most cultures define a degree of consanguinity within which sexual interrelationships are regarded as incestuous (the "prohibited degree of kinship"). In the Roman Catholic Church, unwittingly marrying a closely-consanguineous blood relative is grounds for an annulment, but dispensations were granted, actually almost routinely (the Catholic Church's ban on marriage within the fourth degree of relationship (first cousins) lasted from 1550 to 1917; before that, the prohibition applied to marriages within the seventh degree of kinship).[citation needed]Adoption may or may not be considered at law to create such a bond; in most Western societies, adoptive relationships are considered blood relationships for these purposes, but in others, including both Japan and ancient Rome, it was common for a couple with only daughters to adopt a son-in-law, making the marriage one between adoptive siblings.[citation needed]
Among the Christian Habesha highlanders of Ethiopia and Eritrea (the predominantly orthodox Christian Amhara and Tigray-Tigrinya), it is a tradition to be able to recount one's paternal ancestors at least 7 generations away starting from early childhood, because "those with a common patrilineal ancestor less than seven generations away are considered 'brother and sister' and may not marry." The rule is less strict on the mother's side, where the limit is about four generations back, but still determined patrilinearly. This rule does not apply to Muslims or other ethnic groups.[1]
Historically, some European nobles cited a close degree of consanguinity when they required convenient grounds for divorce, especially in contexts where religious doctrine forbade the voluntary dissolution of an unhappy or childless marriage. Conversely, the consanguinity law of succession requires the next monarch to be of the same blood of the previous one; allowing, for example, illegitimate children to inherit.[citation needed]
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Dansk (Danish)
n. - blodslægtskab
Nederlands (Dutch)
bloedverwantschap
Français (French)
n. - consanguinité
Deutsch (German)
n. - Blutsverwandtschaft
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - ομαιμοσύνη, συγγένεια εξ αίματος
Italiano (Italian)
consanguineità
Português (Portuguese)
n. - consangüinidade (f)
Русский (Russian)
кровное родство
Español (Spanish)
n. - consanguinidad
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - blodsband
中文(简体) (Chinese (Simplified))
血亲, 同族, 血缘
中文(繁體) (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 血親, 同族, 血緣
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) قرابه دم أو رحم
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - קרבת-משפחה
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