Western Australia was the final state to be using convict labour. The last convict ship to Australia, the Hougoumont, left Britain in 1867 and arrived in Western Australia on 10 January 1868.

The only remaining convict colony in Australia by the end of 1853 was Fremantle, in Western Australia.

South Australia and Western Australia were the two Austalian colonies to be settled by free settlers alone, with no convict presence. Only South Australia, however, remained convict-free, as Western Australia campaigned to have convicts to use as free labour about fifteen years after the initial settlement.

Convicts built the Perth Town Hall, the Fremantle Gaol, Government House and the Canning River convict fence.

The Convict Era had all but stopped by the time the goldrushes came, at least in the eastern states.

Although convicts were still being transported to Western Australia, the goldrushes there did not start until about seven years after transportation finished.