In the US the basis for copyright law was established in the Constitution. For this reason Article 1 section 8 clause 8 has become known as the "copyright clause".
"To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries."
It was proposed on August 18th, 1787 and ratified for inclusion on September 17th, 1787