coracle

Coracles on the River Teifi, Wales 1972

A coracle (Welsh: cwrwgl) is a small, lightweight boat used mainly in Wales and in parts of Western and South Western England but also found across many parts of the British Isles.

Structure

A coracle near the River Tungabhadra, in Hampi India

Oval in shape and very similar to half a walnut shell, the structure is made of a framework of split and interwoven willow rods, tied with willow bark. The outer layer was originally an animal skin such as horse or bullock hide (corium), with a thin layer of tar to make it fully water proof - today replaced by tarred calico or canvas, or simply fibre glass. The structure has a keel-less, flat bottom to evenly spread the weight of the boat and its load across the structure and to reduce the required depth of water - often to only a few inches, making it ideal for use on rivers.

History

Designed for use in the swiftly flowing streams of Wales, the coracle has been in use for centuries, having been noted by the Roman invaders as early as the 1st Century A.D.

Coracles are so light and portable that they can easily be carried on the fisherman's shoulders when proceeding to and from his work. Coracle-fishing is performed by two men, each seated in his coracle and with one hand holding the net while with the other he plies his paddle. When a fish is caught, each hauls up his end of the net until the two coracles are brought to touch and the fish is/are then secured.

A coracle on the River Severn near Ironbridge (August 2002)

The coracle forms a unique link between the modern life of Britain and its remote past. This early type of boat was in existence amongst the Britons at the time of the invasion of Julius Caesar, who has left a description of it, and even employed it in his Spanish campaign. On land, coracles could provide light troops with protection from missile weapons.

Today

Coracles are now only seen regularly in tourist areas of West Wales, and irregularly in Shropshire on the River Severn - a public house in Sundorne, Shrewsbury called "The Coracle" has a pub sign featuring a man using a coracle on a river. The Welsh Rivers Teifi and Tywi are the best places to find coracles in Wales, although the type of coracle differs depending on the river. On the Teifi they are most frequently seen between Cenarth, and Cilgerran and the village of Llechryd.

In 1974 as part of a publicity stunt, a Welsh coracle piloted by Bernard Thomas of Llechryd managed to cross the English Channel to France in 13 1/2 hours. The journey was undertaken to demonstrate how the Bull Boats of the Mandan Indians of North Dakota could have been copied from Welsh coracles introduced by Prince Madog in the 12th century^[1].

For many years, Shrewsbury coracle maker Fred Davies achieved some notability amongst football fans, by a unique service he and his coracle provided. He would sit in his coracle during Shrewsbury Town FC home matches, and retrieve stray footballs from the River Severn. Although Mr Davies has long since passed on, his legend is still associated with the club.

There is a Coracle Society based in Shropshire, whose president and founder is Sir Peter Badge. The society was present at the 2005 Shrewsbury River Festival, where they displayed various coracles on the River Severn. There is also an Annual Coracle Regatta held in Ironbridge on the August Bank Holiday Monday every year. It is organised by the Green Wood Centre and is run on an informal basis, anyone with a coracle can take part in the event. Many families return every year and each year new entrants come with coracles made on the Bank Holiday weekend at the Green Wood Centre with local coracle maker Terry Kenny.

Similar craft

The Irish currach or curragh is a similar, but larger, vessel still in use today. Curachs were also used in the west of Scotland:

"The curach or boat of leather and wicker may seem to moderns a very unsafe vehicle, to trust to tempestuous seas, yet our forefathers fearlessly committed themselves in these slight vehicles to the mercy of the most violent weather. They were once much in use in the Western Isles of Scotland, and are still found in Wales. The framework [in Gaelic] is called crannghail, a word now used in Uist to signify a frail boat." (Reference: Dwelly’s [Scottish] Gaelic Dictionary: Curach)

The Ku-Dru or Kowa of Tibet is very similar to a coracle—Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago

The Currachs in the River Spey were particularly similar to coracles. Other related craft include

• Indian - Parisal
• Iraqi - Gufa
• Native American - Bull boat
• Tibet - the Ku-Dru and Kowas
• Vietnam - Thung-Chai
• U.S., etc. - Zodiac

References

1. ^ http://www.britannia.com/celtic/wales/facts/facts7.html

External links

• World of Boats at Eyemouth ~ Coracles:
• Parisal from Tamilnerdu, Southern India
• Coracle ferries in Hampi
• Historical note from the Coracle Society of Wales
• Brief history and design principles
• Coracle making courses Green Wood Centre

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