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In the theory of criminal law, correctional system refers to a network of governmental agencies that administer a jurisdiction's prisons and parole system Black's Law Dictionary. The components of the criminal justice system that serve to punish criminal offenders involve the deprivation of life, liberty or property after due process of law (see Fourteenth Amendment). Sentences imposed upon offenders range from probation to serving time in prison, with intermediate sanctions, including sentences to a halfway house or community corrections program, home confinement, and electronic monitoring. Financial penalties may include fines, forfeiture, and restitution.
In some countries, including Western countries in the past, this has also included judicially-ordered corporal punishment.
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Correctional theory
The use of sanctions, which can be either positive (rewarding) or negative (punishment) is the basis of all criminal theory, along with the main goals of social control, and deterrence of deviant behavior.
Many facilities operating in the United States adhere to particular correctional theories. Although often heavily modified, these theories determine the nature of the facilities' design and security operations. The two primary theories used today are the more traditional Remote Supervision and the more contemporary Direct Supervision Models. In the Remote Supervision Model, officers observe the inmate population from remote positions, e.g., towers or secure desk areas. The Direct Supervision Model positions corrections officers within the inmate population, creating a more pronounced presence.
Juvenile corrections
See also
- American Correctional Association
- Crime
- Criminal justice
- Death penalty
- Deterrence
- Individual rights
- National Commission on Correctional Health Care
- National Institute of Corrections
- Penology
- Prison
- Social control
- United States Bureau of Justice Statistics
External links
- Corrections Connection
- Brian Dawe, Behind The Walls, Corrections Connection
- Ann Coppola, View from 35,000 Feet: Prison Overcrowding, Corrections Connection
- Joe Bouchard, Daily Safety Concerns in Corrections, Corrections Connection
- Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA)
- National Commission on Correctional Health Care(NCCHC)
- Infectious Diseases in Corrections Report (IDCR)
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