Dictionary:

cortisone

  (kôr'tĭ-sōn', -zōn')

A naturally occurring corticosteroid, C₂₁H₂₈O₅, that functions primarily in carbohydrate metabolism and is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, adrenal insufficiency, certain allergies, and gout.

[Shortening of CORTICOSTERONE.]

A corticosteroid sometimes used to treat sports injuries. If applied directly into an injured joint, it can have serious side-effects, including damage to bone and muscle.

A hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; a glucocorticoid, 17-hydroxy-1 1-dehydrocorticosterone; useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and some allergic conditions. Has marked antiinflammatory properties. Excess production or administration produces signs of hyperadrenocorticalism (Cushing’s syndrome) with hyperlipemia and obesity hyperglycemia and edema.

Brand names: Cortone®

Chemical formula:

Drug Forms:
• Cortisone tablets (below)
• Cortisone injection

Español:
• Tabletas de cortisona
• Inyección de cortisona

Cortisone tablets

What are cortisone tablets?

CORTISONE (Cortone®) is a corticosteroid. It helps to reduce swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions and can be used to treat severe allergies, skin problems, asthma, arthritis and other conditions. Generic cortisone tablets are available.

What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?

They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
• cataracts or glaucoma
• Cushing's syndrome
• diabetes
• heart problems, or previous heart attack
• high blood pressure or blood clotting disorder
• infection, such as herpes, measles, tuberculosis or chickenpox
• liver problems
• myasthenia gravis
• pschosis
• osteoporosis
• recent surgery
• seizures (convulsions)
• stomach or intestinal disease, including colitis
• under-active thyroid
• an unusual or allergic reaction to cortisone, other corticosteroids, medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant
• breast-feeding

How should I take this medicine?

Take cortisone tablets by mouth. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Swallow the tablets with a drink of water. Take with food or milk to avoid stomach upset. If you are only taking cortisone once a day, take it in the morning. This is the time your body normally secretes cortisol. Take your doses at regular intervals. Do not take your medicine more often than directed.

Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.

What drug(s) may interact with cortisone?

• acetazolamide
• antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen)
• barbiturate medicines for inducing sleep or treating seizures
• bosentan
• certain heart medicines
• female hormones, including contraceptives or birth control pills
• live virus vaccines, and other toxoids and vaccines
• medicines for diabetes
• phenytoin
• rifampin
• water pills
• warfarin

Tell your prescriber or health care professional about all other medicines you are taking, including non-prescription medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you smoke, or if you use illegal drugs. These may affect the way your medicine works. Check with your health care professional before stopping or starting any of your medicines.

What should I watch for while taking cortisone?

Visit your prescriber or health care professional for regular checks on your progress. If you are taking cortisone over a prolonged period, carry an identification card with your name and address, the type and dose of your medicine, and your prescriber's name and address. Do not suddenly stop taking cortisone. You may need to gradually reduce the dose, so that your body can adjust. Follow the advice of your prescriber or health care professional.

If you are taking cortisone regularly, avoid contact with people who have an infection. You will have an increased risk from infection while taking cortisone.Tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are exposed to anyone with measles or chickenpox, or if you develop sores or blisters that do not heal properly.

People who are taking certain dosages of cortisone may need to avoid immunization with certain vaccines or may need to have changes in their vaccination schedules to ensure adequate protection from certain diseases. Make sure to tell your prescriber or health care professional that you are taking cortisone before receiving any vaccine.

If you are going to have surgery, tell your prescriber or health care professional that you have taken cortisone within the last twelve months.

If you take cortisone tablets every day, you may need to watch your diet. Your body can lose potassium while you are taking this medicine. Ask your prescriber or health care professional about your diet.

Cortisone can affect your blood sugar. If you are diabetic check with your prescriber or health care professional if you need help adjusting the dose of your diabetic medicine.

Alcohol can increase the risk of getting serious side effects while you are taking cortisone. Avoid alcoholic drinks.

Cortisone can interfere with certain lab tests and can cause false skin test results.

What side effects may I notice from taking cortisone?

Side effects that you should report to your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible:
• bloody or black, tarry stools
• confusion, excitement, restlessness, a false sense of well-being
• eye pain, decreased or blurred vision, or bulging eyes
• fever, sore throat, sneezing, cough, or other signs of infection, wounds that will not heal
• frequent passing of urine
• hallucinations (seeing and hearing things that are not really there)
• increased thirst
• irregular heartbeat
• menstrual problems
• mental depression, mood swings, mistaken feelings of self-importance or of being mistreated
• muscle cramps or weakness
• nausea, vomiting
• pain in hips, back, ribs, arms, shoulders, or legs
• rounding out of face
• skin problems, acne, thin and shiny skin
• stomach pain
• swelling of feet or lower legs
• unusual bruising, pinpoint red spots on the skin
• unusual tiredness or weakness
• weight gain

Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your prescriber or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
• diarrhea or constipation
• headache
• increased appetite
• increased sweating
• nervousness, restlessness, or difficulty sleeping
• upset stomach
• unusual increased growth of hair on the face or body

Where can I keep my medicine?

Keep out of the reach of children in a container that small children cannot open.

Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F). Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.

Last updated: 7/1/2002

Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.

For more information on cortisone, visit Britannica.com.

A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that is important in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. It is used in medicine to treat some forms of arthritis and to reduce inflammation.

A glucocorticoid with significant mineralocorticoid activity, isolated from the adrenal cortex; used as an anti-inflammatory agent and for adrenal replacement therapy.

Cortisone
Image:Cortisone.svg bob the builder
IUPAC name	17,21-dihydroxypregn -4-ene-3,11,20-trione
Identifiers
CAS number	53-06-5
MeSH	Cortisone
SMILES	C[C@@](C3)4[C@](CC[C@@](O)4 [C@@](CO)=O)([H])[C@]2([H])CCC1=CC (CC[C@@](C)1[C@]([H])2C3=O)=O
Properties
Molecular formula	C21H28O5
Molar mass	360.46 g/mol
Melting point	220-224 °C
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Cortisone (ˈkôrtəˌsōn or -zōn, IPA: ˈkɔrtɨˌsoʊn or -zoʊn)) (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone) is a steroid hormone. Chemically, it is a corticosteroid closely related to corticosterone.

Production

Cortisone is one of several end products of a process called steroidogenesis. This process starts with cholesterol which then goes through a series of reactions in the adrenal gland to produce a variety of steroid hormones. One endproduct of this pathway is cortisol, which is then released from the adrenal gland by ACTH signaling from the anterior pituitary, which is stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in the brain. In the peripheral tissues cortisol is converted to cortisone by 11-beta-steroid dehydrogenase. Cortisol has much greater glucocorticoid activity than cortisone and thus cortisone can be considered an inactive metabolite of cortisol. However 11-beta-steroid dehydrogenase can catalyze the reverse reaction as well and thus cortisone is also the inactive precursor molecule of the active hormone cortisol. Cortisone is activated through hydroxylation of the 11-keto-group by an enzyme called 11-beta-steroid dehydrogenase. The active form, cortisol, is thus sometimes referred to as hydrocortisone.

Effects and uses

Cortisol and adrenaline are the main hormones released by the body as a reaction to stress. They elevate blood pressure and prepare the body for a fight or flight response.

Cortisone is sometimes used as a drug to treat a variety of ailments. It can be administered intravenously or cutaneously.

One of cortisone's effects on the body, and a potentially harmful side effect when administered clinically, is the suppression of the immune system. This could be the explanation for the apparent correlation between high stress and sickness. The suppression of the immune system may be important in the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as severe IgE-mediated allergies.

Cortisone is less important than a similar steroid cortisol. Cortisol is responsible for 95% of the effects of the glucocorticosteroids while cortisone is about 4 or 5%. Corticosterone is even less important.

Cortisone shots also may leave "dents" in the injection area, in some cases.

History

Cortisone was first discovered by the American chemist Edward Calvin Kendall while a researcher at the Mayo Clinic. He won the 1950 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine along with Philip S. Hench and Tadeus Reichstein for the discovery of adrenal cortex hormones, their structures, and functions. Cortisone was first produced commercially by Merck & Co. under the leadership of George W. Merck.

References

• Merck Index, 11th Edition, 2533

• Woodward R. B., Sondheimer F., Taub D. (1951). "The Total Synthesis of Cortisone". Journal of the American Chemical Society 73: 4057 - 4057. DOI:10.1021/ja01152a551. 
• Ingle D. J. (1950). "The biologic properties of cortisone: a review". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 10: 1312-1354. 

See also

• Central serous retinopathy
• Corticosterol

External links

• Cortisone: The Wonder Drug

Corticosteroids - glucocorticoid/receptor and mineralocorticoid/receptor (A07EA, C05AA, D07, D10AA, H02, R01AD, R03BA, S01BA, S02B, and S03B)
Endogenous	Aldosterone, Cortisone, Hydrocortisone/cortisol, Desoxycortone
Others	Alclometasone, Amcinonide, Beclometasone, Betamethasone, Budesonide, Ciclesonide, Clobetasol, Clobetasone, Clocortolone, Cloprednol, Cortivazol, Deflazacort, Deoxycorticosterone, Desonide, Desoximetasone, Dexamethasone, Diflorasone, Diflucortolone, Difluprednate, Fluclorolone, Fludrocortisone, Fludroxycortide, Flumetasone, Flunisolide, Fluocinolone acetonide, Fluocinonide, Fluocortin, Fluocortolone, Fluorometholone, Fluperolone, Fluprednidene, Fluticasone, Formocortal, Halcinonide, Halometasone, Hydrocortisone aceponate, Hydrocortisone buteprate, Hydrocortisone butyrate, Loteprednol, Medrysone, Meprednisone, Methylprednisolone,Methylprednisolone aceponate, Mometasone furoate, Paramethasone, Prednicarbate, Prednisone, Prednisolone, Prednylidene, Rimexolone, Tixocortol, Triamcinolone, Ulobetasol

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Dansk (Danish)
n. - kortison

Nederlands (Dutch)
cortison

Français (French)
n. - cortisone

Deutsch (German)
n. - (Med.) Kortison

Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - (φαρμακολ.) κορτιζόνη

Italiano (Italian)
cortisone

Português (Portuguese)
n. - cortisona (f) (Quím.)

Русский (Russian)
кортизон

Español (Spanish)
n. - cortisona

Svenska (Swedish)
n. - cortison

中文（简体） (Chinese (Simplified))
肾上腺皮质素, 考的松

中文（繁體） (Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 腎上腺皮質素, 考的松

한국어 (Korean)
n. - 부신 피질 호르몬의 일종

日本語 (Japanese)
n. - コーチゾン

العربيه (Arabic)
‏(الاسم) مادة الكورتزون, هورمون اصطناعي‏

עברית (Hebrew)
n. - ‮קורטיזון (הורמון)‬

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