
n., pl., -nies.
- The astrophysical study of the origin and evolution of the universe.
- A specific theory or model of the origin and evolution of the universe.
cosmogonically cos'mo·gon'i·cal·ly adv.
cosmogonist cos·mog'o·nist n.
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American Heritage Dictionary:
cos·mog·o·ny |

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Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy:
cosmogony |
A theory of the origin of the universe, whether religious, mythical, or scientific.
Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology:
cosmogony |
Also known as creation myth; a mythological explanation for the creation and evolution of the universe. Several ancient commentators, including Julius Caesar, testify that the Celts had a cosmogony, but except for a line quoted in Strabo (1st cent. AD) that the Celts believed in the indestructibility of the world, no traces survive, although Irish and Welsh flood legends imply a re-creation of the universe. Some tantalizing echoes of a cosmogony appear in the Scottish Gaelic of Cape Breton; see ‘A Gaelic Tale of the Milky Way’, recited by J. N. MacNeil, ed. and trans. J. Shaw, Cape Breton's Magazine, 19 (June 1978), 31.
Of lesser note are the purported bardic beliefs recorded by Llewelyn Siôn in Barddas (late 16th cent.). Siôn's vision contains elements borrowed from Christianity as well as from gnostic and probably also from Oriental traditions. Although Barddas has been scorned by learned commentators as representing the views of only one idiosyncratic individual, its text has been edited and translated by J. A. Williams ap Ithel, Society for the Publication of Ancient Welsh Manuscripts, No. 7 (Abergavenny, 1862).
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cosmogony |
Wikipedia on Answers.com:
Cosmogony |
Cosmogony (or cosmogeny) is any scientific theory concerning the coming into existence, or origin, of the cosmos or universe, or about how what sentient beings perceive as "reality" came to be. The word comes from the Greek κοσμογονία or κοσμογενία (from κόσμος - "cosmos", "the world") and the root of γί(γ)νομαι / γέγονα ("to be born, come about").
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model of the early development of the universe.[1] The most commonly held view is that the universe was once a gravitational singularity, which expanded extremely rapidly from its hot and dense state. While this expansion is well-modeled by the Big Bang theory, the origins of the singularity remains one of the unsolved problems in physics.
One problem is that there is currently no theoretical model that explains the earliest moments of the universe's existence (during the Planck time) because of a lack of a testable theory of quantum gravity. Researchers in string theory and its extensions (for example, M theory), and of loop quantum cosmology, have nevertheless proposed solutions. Another issue facing the field of particle physics is a need for more expensive and technologically advanced particle accelerators to test proposed theories (for example, that the universe was caused by colliding membranes).
Developing a complete theoretical model has implications in both the philosophy of science and epistemology. For example, it would clarify the meaningful ways in which people can ask the question "why do we exist?".
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Cosmology is the study of the structure and changes in the present universe, while the scientific field of cosmogony is concerned with the origin of the universe. Observations about our present universe may not only allow predictions to be made about the future, but they also provide clues to events that happened long ago when ... the cosmos began. So the work of cosmologists and cosmogonists overlaps.
Cosmogony can be distinguished from cosmology, which studies the universe at large and throughout its existence, and which technically does not inquire directly into the source of its origins. There is some ambiguity between the two terms; for example, the cosmological argument from theology regarding the existence of God is technically an appeal to cosmogonical rather than cosmological ideas. In practice, there is a scientific distinction between cosmological and cosmogonical ideas. Physical cosmology is the science that attempts to explain all observations relevant to the development and characteristics of the universe as a whole. Questions regarding why the universe behaves in such a way have been described by physicists and cosmologists as being extra-scientific (i.e. metaphysical, though speculations are made from a variety of perspectives that include extrapolation of scientific theories to untested regimes (i.e. at Planck scales) and philosophical or religious ideas.
The assumptions of naturalism that underlie the scientific method have led some scientists - especially observationalists - to question whether the ultimate reason or source for the universe to exist can be answered in a scientific fashion. In particular, the principle of sufficient reason seems to indicate that there should be such an explanation, but whether a satisfactory explanation can be obtained through scientific inquiry is debatable. A scientific examination of cosmogony using existing physical models would face many challenges. For example, equations used to develop models of the origin do not in themselves explain how the conditions of the universe that the equations model came to be in the first place.
Theistic explanations for origins implicate one or more supernatural immortal beings as the first cause, although these are often dismissed as God of the gaps-type fallacies or arguments from ignorance. Such explanations tend to provide no explanation for the existence of the deity, which can be interpreted as simply replacing one existence question with another that a priori cannot be answered. Nondual explanations, by contrast, state that the very question is misleading since it contains erroneous assumptions of beginnings, endings, and the nature of existence itself, and consider the visible universe as phenomenology.
As a result of this, scientific cosmogonies are sometimes supplemented by reference to metaphysical and theistic belief systems. The problem can be summarised as three classical paradoxes. These paradoxes - discussed by both Kierkegaard and Leibniz - are:
However, some of the metaphysical principles used to formulate these classical paradoxes no longer enjoy an unchallenged status as laws of thought. For instance, quantum mechanics gives an independent motivation to challenge the principle of sufficient reason.
Scientists have only early ideas of the young universe (or its beginning, for those who postulate that it had one). As of 2011, no accelerator experiments probe energies of sufficient magnitude to provide any experimental insight into the behavior of matter at the energy levels that prevailed during this period. Therefore, further technological and conceptual advances are needed to test aspects of these theories. Proposed scenarios differ radically, and include String theory and M theory, the Hartle–Hawking initial state, string landscape, brane inflation, and the ekpyrotic universe. Some of these models are mutually compatible, while others are not. The Big Bounce is a theoretical scientific model of the formation of the known universe. It is implied by the cyclic model/oscillatory universe interpretation of the Big Bang, where the "first" cosmological event was the ultimate result of the collapse of a previous universe.[3]
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This section may stray from the topic of the article into the topic of another article, Quantum cosmology. Please help improve this section or discuss this issue on the talk page. (September 2011) |
Planck time (10−43 s) is the time it would take a photon traveling at the speed of light in vacua (in a vaccuum) to travel a linear distance equal to the Planck length (1.616252×10−35 meters). It has been proposed that this may be the hypothetical "quantum of time" - the smallest measurement of time that has any physically significant meaning.
Although the laws of physics lose (current) experimental support at/before the Planck time, modern science has sought to clarify the nature of these paradoxes - so far with only limited successes. For example, one can apply the current understanding of grand unified theories (GUT's - both quasi-classical, such as general relativity, and modern, such as quantum gravity, superstring, and M-theories) to these three primary cosmogonic paradoxes in thought experiments. While these result in some contradictions and lack completeness in a mathematical sense (being based on axioms that are "merely" self-evident, but not robust under the stresses of radical scepticism), the paradoxes can nonetheless be analysed rationally using the subatomic applications of quantum cosmology - particularly through the employment of the Schrödinger wave equations.
In each case, where general relativity fails as the curvature of space-time invokes singularities from its equations at t = 0, the statistically "gray" nature of quantum cosmology tends to allow a scientific rationale to account for each paradox, and in so doing allows for a scientific perspective on previously theistic terrain. For example, application of quantum "fuzziness" (per the Wheeler–DeWitt application of subatomic position and momentum equations to universal radius and expansion) avoids boundary issues, as developed in the Hartle–Hawking wave function.
All such equations are based on differentials, which assume a continuum, where in our universe, affected by the Planck length and other minimum scales, this continuum has only limited meaning, about which philosophy remains in a state of semantic flux.
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Translations:
Cosmogony |
Dansk (Danish)
n. - universets opståen, kosmogoni, kosmogeni
Nederlands (Dutch)
(theorie over) oorsprong van het heelal
Français (French)
n. - cosmogonie
Deutsch (German)
n. - Kosmogonie (Weltentstehungslehre)
Ελληνική (Greek)
n. - κοσμογονία
Português (Portuguese)
n. - cosmogonia (f)
Español (Spanish)
n. - cosmogonía
Svenska (Swedish)
n. - kosmogoni
中文(简体)(Chinese (Simplified))
宇宙的产生, 宇宙进化论
中文(繁體)(Chinese (Traditional))
n. - 宇宙的產生, 宇宙進化論
한국어 (Korean)
n. - 우주 창조론, 우주 진화론, 우주의 생성론
日本語 (Japanese)
n. - 宇宙発生論, 宇宙進化論, 宇宙開闢説
العربيه (Arabic)
(الاسم) نشأة الكون
עברית (Hebrew)
n. - בריאת העולם
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