| Alan MacGregor Cranston |
|
|
In office
January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1993 |
| Preceded by |
Thomas Kuchel |
| Succeeded by |
Barbara Boxer |
|
In office
January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1981 |
| Leader |
Robert Byrd |
| Preceded by |
Robert Byrd |
| Succeeded by |
Ted Stevens |
|
In office
January 3, 1987 – January 3, 1991 |
| Leader |
Robert Byrd
George Mitchell |
| Preceded by |
Alan K. Simpson |
| Succeeded by |
Wendell Ford |
|
In office
January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1987 |
| Leader |
Robert Byrd |
| Preceded by |
Ted Stevens |
| Succeeded by |
Alan K. Simpson |
|
In office
January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1991 |
| Leader |
Robert Byrd |
| Preceded by |
Robert Byrd |
| Succeeded by |
Wendell Ford |
|
In office
1959 – 1967 |
| Governor |
Pat Brown |
| Preceded by |
Robert C. Kirkwood |
| Succeeded by |
Houston I. Flournoy |
|
| Born |
June 19, 1914(1914-06-19)
Palo Alto, California |
| Died |
December 31, 2000 (aged 86)
Los Altos, California |
| Political party |
Democratic |
| Alma mater |
Pomona College
National Autonomous University of Mexico
Stanford University |
Alan MacGregor Cranston (June 19, 1914 – December 31, 2000) was an American journalist and Democratic Senator from California.
Education
Cranston earned his high school diploma from the old Mountain View High School. He attended Pomona College and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México before graduating from Stanford University in Palo Alto in 1936.
Early career
Cranston was a correspondent for the International News Service for two years preceding World War II. When an abridged English-language translation of Adolf Hitler's Mein Kampf was released, sanitized to exclude some of Hitler's anti-semitism and militancy, Cranston published an unexpurgated and annotated translation which he believed more accurately reflected the contents of the book. In 1939, Hitler's publisher sued him for copyright violation in Connecticut; a judge ruled in Hitler's favor and publication of the book was halted.
Before enlisting in the armed forces in 1944 as a private (he held the rank of sergeant at his discharge), he worked in the Office of War Information. The following year he wrote a second book, The Killing of the Peace, a synopsis of the failed bid to get the United States to join the League of Nations immediately following World War I.
Cranston, a supporter of world government, attending the 1945 Dublin Declaration, and later became president of the World Federalist Association in 1948.[1] He successfully pushed for his state's legislature to pass the 1949 World Federalist California Resolution, calling on Congress to amend the Constitution to allow U.S. participation in a federal world government.
In 1952, Cranston co-founded the California Democratic Council (CDC), and served as chairman. The CDC is a coalition of Democratic clubs that was designed to enable Democrats to become the majority party in California.
Public office
State Controller
A Democrat, Cranston was elected California State Controller in 1958 and reelected in 1962.
Senator
In 1968, he was elected to the first of what would prove to be four six-year terms United States Senate, defeating Republican Max Rafferty in the general election after the staunchly conservative Rafferty had defeated the liberal Republican incumbent, Thomas Kuchel, in that party's primary.
The general election itself was also marred by mudslinging; A conservative writer, Frank Capell, authored a pamphlet suggesting that Cranston may have had Communist leanings in his youth, and that during his stint at the Office of War Information he helped falsely convince Franklin D. Roosevelt that Nazi Germany had perpetrated the Katyń massacre. Many of the same allegations were recycled in an article that ran in American Opinion in 1974 entitled "Alan Cranston: The Shadow in the Senate". The article's title was a reference to Lamont Cranston, the name of the main character in the popular radio program The Shadow).
In 1974, Cranston defeated Republican H.L. "Bill" Richardson, a conservative state senator previously affiliated with the John Birch Society. Cranston polled 3,693,160 votes (60.5 percent) to Richardson's 2,210,267 (36.2 percent).
In 1980, Cranston defeated Republican Paul Gann, 4,705,399 (56.5 percent) to 3,093,426 (37.1 percent).
Presidential candidate
Cranston was Democratic Whip from 1977 to 1991.
He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination for the 1984 election. He became the first announced candidate on February 1, 1983. Despite his age (69) and appearance that seemed even older (he dyed his little remaining white hair a color that most called orange[2]), Cranston quickly became a recognized candidate. His strong support for a nuclear freeze won him an intense following among anti-nuclear activists, support that translated into campaign donations, committed staff (future Washington Senator Maria Cantwell moved to the state in 1983 to head up Cranston's caucus campaign effort there) and volunteers and "straw poll" victories in Wisconsin, California, and Alabama. However, the entry of George McGovern into the race in September 1983 cut into Cranston's support. He finished a weak fourth in Iowa in February 1984 and dropped out a week later after finishing seventh out of eight candidates in New Hampshire, with only 2 percent of the vote.
Cranston also faced a campaign debt of $2 million from his 1984 run as he began gearing up for an expensive and tough re-election fight in 1986, when he narrowly defeated the liberal Republican U.S. Representative Ed Zschau, who later left the Republican Party.
Reprimand
He was reprimanded by the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Ethics for "improper conduct" on November 20, 1991 after he accepted $1 million in campaign contributions from the Lincoln Savings head, Charles Keating. Keating had wanted federal regulators to stop "hounding" his savings and loan association. The committee deemed Cranston's misconduct the worst among the Keating Five. Cranston decided against running for a fifth term while he battled prostate cancer.
Retirement and death
He dedicated his retirement to the global abolition of nuclear weapons, first through the Nuclear Weapon Elimination Initiative of the State of the World Forum, and then as President of the Global Security Institute, which he founded in 1999.[3]
He lived in Los Altos, California, from his retirement until his death.
See also
References
