A drug, C23H14Na2O11, usually administered by inhalation and used to prevent certain allergic attacks, especially those associated with asthma or hay fever.
[Alteration of chromonyl, one of its constituents (CHROM(O)- + -ON(E) + -YL) + SODIUM.]
cromolyn sodium
Dictionary:
cro·mo·lyn sodium (krō'mə-lĭn)  |
| 5min Related Video: cromolyn sodium |
| Dental Dictionary: cromolyn sodium |
n
trade names: Intal, Nasalcrom, Rynacrom; drug class: antiasthmatic; action: stabilizes the membrane of the sensitized mast cell, preventing release of chemical mediators; uses: allergic rhinitis, severe perennial bronchial asthma, exercise-induced broncho-spasm.
| Drug Info: Cromolyn Sodium |
Brand names: Crolom®GastrocromGastrocrom®Intal®Nasalcrom®Opticrom®
Chemical formula:
- Drug Forms:
- Cromolyn Sodium Nebulizer solution (below)
- Cromolyn Sodium Pressurized inhalation, powder
- Cromolyn Sodium inhalation aerosol
- Cromolyn Sodium inhalation solution
- Cromolyn Sodium nasal spray
- Cromolyn Sodium Nasal spray, solution
- Cromolyn Sodium Ophthalmic drops, solution
- Cromolyn Sodium Oral solution
- Español:
- Cromoglicato Sódico, Solución nebulizador
- Cromoglicato Sódico, Inhalación presurizada, polvo
- Aerosol para inhalación de cromoglicato sódico
- Solución para inhalación de cromoglicato sódico
- Aerosol nasal de cromoglicato sódico
- Cromoglicato Sódico, Aerosol nasal, solución
- Cromoglicato Sódico, Solución para gotas oftálmicas
- Cromoglicato Sódico, Solución oral
Cromolyn Sodium Nebulizer solution
What is this medicine?
CROMOLYN SODIUM (KROE moe lin SOE dee um) helps reduce inflammation. This medicine is used to treat the symptoms of asthma. It is also used to prevent bronchospasm from exercise or irritants. Never use this medicine to treat an acute asthma attack.
This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•kidney disease
•liver disease
•an unusual or allergic reaction to cromolyn, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding
How should I use this medicine?
Use this medicine in a power-driven nebulizer with an adequate airflow rate. The nebulizer must have a suitable face mask or mouthpiece. Nebulizers make a liquid into an aerosol that you breathe in through your mouth or your mouth and nose into your lungs. You will be taught how to use your nebulizer. Do not take this medicine as a solution by mouth. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Do not take your medicine more often than directed. Do not stop taking except on your doctor's advice.
A patient information sheet for the product will be given with each prescription and refill. Read this sheet carefully each time. The sheet may change frequently.
Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. While this drug may be prescribed for children as young as 2 years old for selected conditions, precautions do apply.
Overdosage: If you think you have taken too much of this medicine contact a poison control center or emergency room at once.
NOTE: This medicine is only for you. Do not share this medicine with others.
What if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses.What may interact with this medicine?
Interactions are not expected. Do not mix other medicines in the nebulizer with this one, unless advised by your doctor to do so.
This list may not describe all possible interactions. Give your health care provider a list of all the medicines, herbs, non-prescription drugs, or dietary supplements you use. Also tell them if you smoke, drink alcohol, or use illegal drugs. Some items may interact with your medicine.
What should I watch for while using this medicine?
Visit your doctor or health care professional for regular checks on your progress. Tell your doctor or health care professional if your symptoms do not start to get better. If your symptoms get worse or if you need your short-acting inhalers more often, call your doctor right away.
If you get a bitter or unpleasant taste in your mouth, gargle or rinse your mouth after you use this medicine.
If you use this medicine to prevent a bronchospasm from exercise or an irritant, use it shortly before exposure.
What side effects may I notice from receiving this medicine?
Side effects that you should report to your doctor or health care professional as soon as possible:
•allergic reactions like skin rash, itching or hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
•breathing problems
•dizziness
•fever
•infection
•joint pain, swelling
•redness, blistering, peeling or loosening of the skin, including inside the mouth
•unusually weak or tired
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your doctor or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
•bad taste
•cough
•nose bleed, irritation
•stomach upset, nausea
•stuffy nose, sneezing
This list may not describe all possible side effects. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Where should I keep my medicine?
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store at room temperature between 20 and 25 degrees C (68 and 77 degrees F). Protect from light. Do not use if it becomes cloudy or discolored. Store ampules in foil pouch until ready for use. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date.
Last updated: 7/1/2002
Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.
| Wikipedia: Cromoglicic acid |
 |
|
|
Cromoglicic acid
|
|
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 5,5′-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy)bis(4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid) | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 16110-51-3 |
| ATC code | R03BC01 R01 A07 D11 |
| PubChem | 27686 |
| DrugBank | APRD00336 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C23H16O11 |
| Mol. mass | 468.367 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 1% |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | 1.3 hours |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
B |
| Legal status |
inhaler POM, eye OTC(UK) |
| Routes | topical: oral, nasal spray, inhaled, eye drops |
 (what is this?) (verify) |
|
Cromoglicic acid (INN) (also referred to as cromolyn (USAN), cromoglycate (former BAN), or cromoglicate) is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglicate or cromolyn sodium. This drug prevents the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine from mast cells.
Because of their convenience (and perceived safety), leukotriene receptor antagonists have largely replaced it as the non-corticosteroid treatment of choice. Cromoglicic acid requires administration four times daily, and does not provide addive benefit in combination with inhaled corticosteroids.[1]
Contents |
History
Cromolyn sodium was discovered by Dr. Roger Altounyan who was himself a lifelong asthma sufferer. It is considered a breakthrough drug in management of asthma as the patients can be freed from steroids in many cases, however, it is mainly effective as a prophylaxis for allergic and exercise induced asthma, not as a treatment for acute attacks. Dr. Altounyan was investigating certain plants and herbs which have bronchodilating properties. One such plant was Khella (Ammi visnaga) which had been used as a muscle relaxant since ancient times in Egypt. Dr. Altounyan deliberately inhaled derivatives of the active ingredient khellin to determine if they could block his asthma attacks. After several years of trial he isolated an effective and safe asthma-preventing compound called cromolyn sodium.
The maker of Intal, King Pharmaceuticals, has discontinued manufacturing the inhaled form, cromolyn sodium inhalation aerosol, due to issues involving CFC-free propellant. As stocks are depleted, this medicine will no longer be available to patients. (http://www.empr.com/Intal-Inhaler-discontinued/article/141142/)
Uses
It is available in multiple forms:
- as a nasal spray (Rynacrom(UK), Nasalcrom, Prevalin (Netherlands)) to treat allergic rhinitis
- as an inhaler (Intal) for preventive management of asthma[2]
- as eye drops (Opticrom and Optrex Allergy (UK), Crolom) for allergic conjunctivitis
- in an oral form (Gastrocrom) to treat mastocytosis,[3] dermatographic urticaria and ulcerative colitis. Another oral product, Intercron (sodium cromoglicate in distilled water, from Zambon France), is used for food allergies.
Mechanism of action
"Cromolyn works because it prevents the release of mediators that would normally attract inflammatory cells and because it stabilizes the inflammatory cells."[4] The underlying mechanism of action is not fully understood; for while cromoglicate stabilizes mast cells, this mechanism is probably not why it works in asthma.[5] Pharmaceutical companies have produced 20 related compounds that are equally or more potent at stabilising mast cells and none of them have shown any anti-asthmatic effect.[5] It is more likely that these work by inhibiting the response of sensory C fibres to the irritant capsaicin, inhibiting local axon reflexes involved in asthma, and may inhibit the release of preformed T cell cytokines and mediators involved in asthma. (see review by Garland, 1991)
It is known to somewhat inhibit chloride channels (37% +/- 7%) [6] and thus may inhibit the:
- exaggerated neuronal reflexes triggered by stimulation of irritant receptors on sensory nerve endings (e.g. exercise-induced asthma)
- release of preformed cytokines from several type of inflammatory cells (T cells, eosinophils) in allergen-induced asthma
Note: Another chemical (NPPB: 5-nitro-2(3-phenyl) propylamino-benzoic acid) was shown, in the same study, to be a more effective chloride channel blocker.
Finally it may act by inhibiting calcium influx.
Cromoglicate is classified as a chromone.
References
- ^ Fanta CH (March 2009). "Asthma". New England Journal of Medicine 360 (10): 1002–14. doi:. PMID 19264689. Review.
- ^ Schwartz HJ, Blumenthal M, Brady R, et al. (April 1996). "A comparative study of the clinical efficacy of nedocromil sodium and placebo. How does cromolyn sodium compare as an active control treatment?". Chest 109 (4): 945–52. doi:. PMID 8635375. http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=8635375.
- ^ Horan RF, Sheffer AL, Austen KF (May 1990). "Cromolyn sodium in the management of systemic mastocytosis". J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 85 (5): 852–5. doi:. PMID 2110198. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0091-6749(90)90067-E.
- ^ Werner's Pathophysiology page 224
- ^ a b H. P. Rang et al., Pharmacology, Fifth Edition. (2003) ISBN 0 443 07145 4
- ^ Heinke, S; Szucs G, Norris A, Droogmans G, Nilius B (August 1995). "Inhibition of volume-activated chloride currents in endothelial cells by chromones". Br J Pharmacol. 115(8): 1393–8. PMID 8564197.
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
Learn More
 | Allergies: Prevention |
| Cromolyn Sodium Nebulizer solution |
| Cromolyn Sodium Pressurized inhalation, powder |
 | Where do you get sodium from? Read answer... |
| What is sodium? Read answer... |
| What has sodium in it? Read answer... |
Help us answer these
 | Price of cromolyn sodium nasal spray? |
| What is cromolyn sodium ophthalmic solution USP? |
| What diseases can be treated by cromolyn? |
Post a question - any question - to the WikiAnswers community:
Copyrights:
 |
 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
 |
| Dental Dictionary. Mosby's Dental Dictionary. Copyright © 2004 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
 |
| Drug Info. Gold Standard. Copyright © 2008 by Gold Standard. All rights reserved. Read more |
 |
| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Cromoglicic acid". Read more |
Related answers
- What products contain Cromolyn Sodium?
- Sodium?
- What does sodium have in it?
- What has sodium?
- What is in sodium?
- What does sodium do?
ADVERTISEMENT
Answer these
- Is cromolyn sodium linked to a cancer drug?
- Can cromolyn sodium be substituted for prednisone during an asthmatic attack?
- How to get sodium?
